Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase Level is Associated with Periodontal Disease Independent of Drinking Habits in Japanese Adults

Morita, Toyoko; Yamazaki, Yoji; Fujiharu, Chika; Ishii, Terukazu; Seto, Misae; Nishinoue, Norihide; Sasaki, Yuya; Kawato, Takayuki; Motohashi, Masafumi; Maeno, Masao

doi:10.12659/msm.891204

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, elevated serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level is associated with periodontal disease (> 4 mm periodontal pockets) in adults without drinking habit [152]. GGT is a deviation enzyme mainly present in liver, kidney and pancreatic cells.…”

Section: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld) and Periapicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion and Systemic Metabolic Disorders

Sasaki¹,

Hirai²,

Martins³

et al. 2016

CPD

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Periapical periodontitis, also known as periapical lesion, is a common dental disease, along with periodontitis (gum disease). Periapical periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, caused by endodontic infection, and its development is regulated by the host immune/inflammatory response. Metabolic disorders, which are largely dependent on life style such as eating habits, have been interpreted as a “metabolically-triggered” low-grade systemic inflammation and may interact with periapical periodontitis by triggering immune modulation. The host immune system is therefore considered the common fundamental mechanism of both disease conditions. An elevated inflammatory state caused by metabolic disorders can impact the clinical outcome of periapical lesions and interfere with wound healing after endodontic treatment. Although additional well-designed clinical studies are needed, periapical lesions appear to affect insulin sensitivity and exacerbate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Immune regulatory cytokines produced by various cell types, including immune cells and adipose tissue, play an important role in this interrelationship.

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Section: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld) and Periapicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion and Systemic Metabolic Disorders

Sasaki¹,

Hirai²,

Martins³

et al. 2016

CPD

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“…Several parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment level, or percentage of bleeding on probing, have been used in other studies to assess the possible relevance of periodontal diseases to systemic diseases. Morita et al reported the association between periodontal pocket depth ≥4mm and serum GGT levels ( 16 ). Among the parameters, ABL and clinical attachment level represent the result of tissue destruction by periodontitis, which existed in the past ( 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alcohol consumption, smoking habits, age, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) were considered as covariates, according to previous studies reporting the risk factors for elevated serum liver enzyme levels ( 16 , 21 - 23 ). Alcohol drinking and smoking habits were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cohort study in Japan suggested that infection with high-virulence P. gingivalis might be a risk factor for the contraction/progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( 15 ). The presence of periodontal pockets was associated with serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in Japanese adults independent of alcohol ingestion ( 16 ). Periodontal condition was associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in Japanese men ( 17 , 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of liver enzyme levels and alveolar bone loss: A cross-sectional clinical study in Sado Island

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe interaction of periodontopathic bacteria with host immune system induces the production of inflammatory mediators which leads to alveolar bone loss (ABL), the essential feature of periodontitis. Concurrently, periodontal diseases cause the elevation of blood cytokine levels, the alteration of gut microbiota and the dissemination of enterobacteria to the liver. Owing to these mechanisms, periodontal disease might be a risk for liver dysfunction. Several epidemiological studies have reported associations between periodontal diseases and liver dysfunction, although the association between ABL and liver dysfunction has not been investigated. This cross-sectional study determined if elevated serum liver enzyme levels were associated with ABL in Japanese adults.Material and MethodsJapanese adults living on Sado Island who visited Sado General Hospital were invited to participate in the study. Participants over 40 years of age who underwent dental panoramic radiography and blood tests were included. Drinking and smoking habits were self-administered. After excluding patients with edentulous jaw, diagnosed liver diseases, and those on dialysis, data from 44 men and 66 women with a mean age of 73 years were analyzed. The average percentage of ABL for each participant was calculated for mesial and distal sites of all remaining teeth. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. Univariate analyses were performed to select covariates to be put in multivariate analyses. The association between elevated serum liver enzyme levels and the highest quartile of ABL were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, no significant association was found between elevated serum AST, ALT, or GGT levels as dependent variables and the highest quartile of ABL as an explanatory variable.ConclusionsThere was no significant association between the elevation of serum liver enzyme levels and ABL in Japanese adults. Key words:Liver enzymes, dental panoramic radiography, alveolar bone loss, Japanese adults.

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“…The association between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, has been well-documented 10,11,29) . Furusho et al 10) had reported that infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, exacerbated high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligature-Induced Periodontitis Increased Insulin Resistance and Triglyceride Levels in Wistar Rats

Tanaka

Nakai

Murakami

et al. 2017

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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In the present study, experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature in Wistar rats that were not on highfat or high-carbohydrate diet. The metabolic and infl ammatory parameters in the serum were examined in order to assess the eff ect of periodontitis-induced infl ammation on metabolic syndrome in individual without the genetic and dietary risk factors. Ligature-induced experimental periodontitis increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and triglyceride levels in the serum, as well as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, based on the concentration of serum glucose and insulin in Wistar rats. Furthermore, elevated triglyceride levels and altered expression of genes associated with glucose and lipid metabolism were also observed in the liver of rats with experimental periodontitis, suggesting that the onset of periodontitis induced metabolic syndrome independent of genetic and dietary risk factors.

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Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase Level is Associated with Periodontal Disease Independent of Drinking Habits in Japanese Adults

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion and Systemic Metabolic Disorders

Interrelationship Between Periapical Lesion and Systemic Metabolic Disorders

Association of liver enzyme levels and alveolar bone loss: A cross-sectional clinical study in Sado Island

Ligature-Induced Periodontitis Increased Insulin Resistance and Triglyceride Levels in Wistar Rats

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