Serum total cholesterol and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal Korean women

Ha, Mina; Sung, Joohon; Song, Yun-Mi

doi:10.1007/s10552-009-9301-7

Cited by 49 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our results on serum cholesterol level itself are in agreement with previous studies showing no association, but all these studies but one (Ha et al, 2009) considered all cancer sites together (Salonen, 1982;Keys et al, 1985;Sidney et al, 1986;Kritchevsky, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Serum cholesterol level, use of a cholesterol-lowering drug, and breast cancer: results from the prospective E3N cohort

Fagherazzi

Fabre

Boutron‐Ruault

et al. 2010

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Metabolic syndrome, including low HDL cholesterol, has been associated with an increased breast cancer risk, whereas little is known of the relationship with total cholesterol. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to evaluate the association between self-reported total serum cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and risk of breast cancer in 69 088 women from the French E3N cohort study. A total of 2932 cases of primary invasive breast cancer were reported during 12 years of follow-up. Compared with women with low/normal serum cholesterol (<6.6 mol/l), users of cholesterol-lowering drugs had a significantly decreased breast cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR): 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68, 0.93]. There was no variation in HRs according to the menopausal status. In strata defined by the hormone receptor status of the tumor, the risk reached statistical significance only for the estrogen-positive and progesterone-positive receptor subtype (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.82). A high cholesterol without cholesterol-lowering drug use was not associated with breast cancer risk (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.15) in the entire population. Our result concerning cholesterol-lowering drugs is consistent with studies showing that hypolipidemic molecules are effective in inhibiting cancer cell growth proliferation. Further studies should investigate whether these findings apply to all classes of cholesterol-lowering drugs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Serum cholesterol level, use of a cholesterol-lowering drug, and breast cancer: results from the prospective E3N cohort

Fagherazzi

Fabre

Boutron‐Ruault

et al. 2010

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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show abstract

“…In large cohort studies however, this association has not been consistent: an increased risk of breast cancer was observed among Shanghai women in association with a higher intake of animal-derived fat (Kallianpur et al, 2008); whereas, fat consumption was not associated with breast cancer risk among Japanese women . In a prospective study in Korea, serum total cholesterol level was associated with a 31% higher risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal Korean women (Ha et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differences in Incidence, Mortality and Survival of Breast Cancer by Regions and Countries in Asia and Contributing Factors

Kim¹,

Yoo

Goodman

2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…On the other hand, lifestyle is proving to be an increasingly important component in the etiology of breast cancer. For example, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes type II and hypercholesterolemia have all been established as risk factors, while regular exercise appears to be protective [49, 94, 45, 56, 12, 19, 53, 71]. Additionally, these disorders have also been shown to be prognostic indicators for breast cancer [84, 10, 35, 63], thus further emphasizing the importance of investigating the mechanisms underlying the contribution of obesity and hypercholesterolemia to breast cancer development and progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Cholesterol and Its Metabolites to the Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer

Baek

Nelson

2016

HORM CANC

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As the most common cancer in women, one in eight will develop invasive breast cancer over their lifetime making it the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women. Of the many known risk factors for developing breast cancer, obesity stands out as prominent and modifiable. Interestingly, elevated cholesterol is highly associated with obesity, and has emerged as an independent risk factor for breast cancer onset and recurrence. This indicates that cholesterol also contributes to the breast cancer-pathogenicity of obesity. This review highlights our current understanding of the mechanisms by which cholesterol impacts breast cancer. Key preclinical studies have been highlighted, including discussion of homeostatic control of cholesterol levels, signaling by cholesterol metabolites through the estrogen receptors, cholesterol formation of lipid rafts and subsequent signaling, and the potential roles of cholesterol in creating a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Future directions and avenues for therapeutic exploitation are also considered.

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Serum total cholesterol and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal Korean women

Abstract: Serum total cholesterol level is not associated with the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal Korean women.

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Serum cholesterol level, use of a cholesterol-lowering drug, and breast cancer: results from the prospective E3N cohort

Serum cholesterol level, use of a cholesterol-lowering drug, and breast cancer: results from the prospective E3N cohort

Differences in Incidence, Mortality and Survival of Breast Cancer by Regions and Countries in Asia and Contributing Factors

The Contribution of Cholesterol and Its Metabolites to the Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer

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