Serum thyroglobulin as a biomarker of iodine deficiency in adult populations

Krejbjerg, Anne; Bjergved, Lena; Pedersen, Inge Bülow; Carlé, Allan; Knudsen, Nils; Perrild, Hans; Ovesen, Lars; Rasmussen, Lone Banke; Laurberg, Peter

doi:10.1111/cen.13037

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated inverse associations between serum Tg concentration and UIC over the range of iodine excretion (Bayram et al, 2009;Bilek et al, 2015;Buchinger et al, 1997;Cahoon et al, 2013;Knudsen et al, 2001;Krejbjerg et al, 2016;Rasmussen et al, 2002;Thomson et al, 2001;Vejbjerg et al, 2009;Zimmermann et al, 2013), and positive associations with long-term measures of iodine intake (such as, increased thyroid volume, and the presence of thyroid nodules, and prevalent goiter) in iodine deficient areas (Krejbjerg et al, 2016;Rasmussen et al, 2002;Thomson et al, 2001). We found consistent independent associations between serum Tg and multiple indicators of population iodine status (i.e., UIC, serum TSH and thyroid volume), suggesting that measuring serum Tg may capture both population iodine status and thyroid dysfunction due to iodine deficiency.…”

Section: Iodine Statusmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Previous studies have also reported serum Tg as a sensitive biomarker of iodine status, with decreased serum Tg levels following dietary iodine supplementation (Krejbjerg et al, 2016;Ma et al, 2016;Missler et al, 1994;Rasmussen et al, 2002;van den Briel et al, 2001;Vejbjerg et al, 2009). We reported significantly decreased serum Tg concentration among participants that consumed iodized salt.…”

Section: Iodine Statusmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While several epidemiologic studies have examined factors related to serum Tg in large population-based settings (Krejbjerg et al, 2016;Ma and Skeaff, 5 2014), only one other study has examined factors related to Tg in a radiation exposed population with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency (Cahoon et al, 2013). In addition, studies reporting serum Tg concentrations often fail to assess assay interference by serum autoantibodies (Spencer et al, 2011), and may use different measurement assays without proper inter-study assay standardization, complicating both quantification of serum Tg concentration and comparability to other studies (Demers and Spencer, 2002;Spencer et al, 1998).…”

Section: Most Studies Of Serum Tg Have Been Conducted Among Individuamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown cigarette smoking to be associated with increased serum Tg (Bertelsen and Hegedus, 1994;Cahoon et al, 2013;Knudsen et al, 2002;Krejbjerg et al, 2016), and with significant changes to indicators of thyroid dysfunction (including decreased serum TSH, increased thyroid size, and increased risk of prevalent non-toxic goiter and thyroid nodules in iodine deficient areas) Pedersen et al, 2008;Wiersinga, 2013). Increases in serum Tg among smokers have been attributed to thiocyanate-a metabolite of the cigarette smoke component, cyanide, and a competitive inhibitor of thyroidal iodine uptake (Tonacchera et al, 2004).…”

Section: Demographic Factors Thyroid Function and 131 I Thyroid Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, high thyroid volume is an indicator of longterm iodine deficiency that may persist for years after iodine repletion (Zimmermann et al, 2006). Serum thyroglobulin (Tg), a thyroid protein that facilitates the uptake and storage of iodine in the thyroid gland, has been proposed as a biomarker of intermediate-term population iodine nutrition status (weeks to months) based on associations with UIC (Knudsen et al, 2001;Krejbjerg et al, 2016;Swanson et al, 2012;Vejbjerg et al, 2009), and sensitivity to changes in iodine status following iodine supplementation (Gordon et al, 2009;Ma and Skeaff, 2014;Skeaff and Lonsdale-Cooper, 2013;Vejbjerg et al, 2009;Zimmermann et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with serum thyroglobulin in a Ukrainian cohort exposed to iodine-131 from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant

Peters

Тronko

Hatch

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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Background: Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is associated with the presence of thyroid disease and has been proposed as a biomarker of iodine status. Few studies have examined factors related to serum Tg in populations environmentally exposed to ionizing radiation and living in regions with endemic mild-tomoderate iodine deficiency. Methods:We screened 10,430 individuals who were living in Ukraine and under 18 years of age at the time of the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident for thyroid disease from 2001 to 2003. We estimated the percent change (PC) in serum Tg associated with demographic factors, iodine-131 thyroid dose, and indicators of thyroid structure and function using linear regression. We also examined these relationships for individuals with and without indications of thyroid abnormality.Results: Mean and median serum Tg levels were higher among participants with abnormal thyroid structure/function. Percent change in serum Tg increased among females, smokers and with older age (pvalues < 0.001), and Tg increased with increasing thyroid volume, and serum thyrotropin (p-values for trend < 0.001). We found no evidence of significant associations between iodine-131 thyroid dose and Tg. Serum Tg levels were inversely associated with iodized salt intake (PC= -7.90, 95% confidence interval: -12.08, -3.52), and over the range of urinary iodine concentration, the odds of having elevated serum Tg showed a U-shaped curve with elevated Tg at low and high urinary iodine concentrations. Conclusion:Serum Tg may be a useful indicator of population iodine status and a non-specific biomarker of structural and functional thyroid abnormalities in epidemiological studies.

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Section: Iodine Statusmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Iodine Statusmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Most Studies Of Serum Tg Have Been Conducted Among Individuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Demographic Factors Thyroid Function and 131 I Thyroid Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Factors associated with serum thyroglobulin in a Ukrainian cohort exposed to iodine-131 from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant

Peters

Тronko

Hatch

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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Iodine Requirements in Pregnancy

Lee

Pearce

2018

Handbook of Nutrition and Pregnancy

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A randomized, double-blind study of iodine supplementation during pregnancy in Sweden: pilot evaluation of maternal iodine status and thyroid function

et al. 2021

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Purpose Pregnant women in Sweden are mildly iodine deficient. We investigated the effect of daily iodine supplementation on the iodine and thyroid status of pregnant women. Methods In this pilot, randomized, double-blind trial, 200 thyroid-healthy pregnant women were recruited at mean (standard deviation) pregnancy week 8.85 (1.62) and assigned (1:1) to daily intake of a multivitamin tablet with or without 150 μg of iodine. Urine and serum samples were collected at baseline and once during the second and third trimesters. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOabs) were analyzed. Neonatal TSH data were collected. UIC and Tg were also analyzed in a group of 89 thyroid-healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA). Results At baseline, the intervention and the control groups had similar median UIC (interquartile range (IQR)): 110 μg/L (74–119) and 111 μg/L (66–168), respectively. The intervention group reached iodine sufficiency with median UIC (IQR) 139 μg/L (89–234) and 136 μg/L (91–211) in the second and third trimester, respectively, without significant difference from the lower limit of the recommended range, i.e. 150–250 μg/L (p = 0.42 and p = 0.87, respectively). The intervention group had higher median UIC and lower median Tg compared to the control group during the second (p < 0.001 and p = 0.019, respectively) and third trimester (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively), whereas thyroid hormones, serum TPOabs, and neonatal TSH were similar. The WRA group presented median UIC (IQR) 65 μg/L (30–98) and median Tg (IQR) 18 μg/L (13–27). Conclusion A daily supplement containing 150 μg of iodine to a group of pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency improved the iodine status from mild ID to iodine sufficiency. This improvement seems to have had a positive impact on maternal thyroglobulin. This study is now under extension to investigate the children’s neuropsychological development. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02378246, May 3, 2015, retrospectively registered.

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Serum thyroglobulin as a biomarker of iodine deficiency in adult populations

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Factors associated with serum thyroglobulin in a Ukrainian cohort exposed to iodine-131 from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant

Factors associated with serum thyroglobulin in a Ukrainian cohort exposed to iodine-131 from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant

Iodine Requirements in Pregnancy

A randomized, double-blind study of iodine supplementation during pregnancy in Sweden: pilot evaluation of maternal iodine status and thyroid function

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