Serum Reproductive hormone levels in male symptomatic HIV/AIDS patients on Antiretroviral therapy negative to Malaria parasite in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Ezeugwunne, Priscilla Ifeoma; Ogbodo, Chukwuemeka Emmanuel; Analike, Adamma R.; Obi-Ezeani, Nwando Chikaodili; Onuora, Joy Ifeoma; Oguaka, Nwabunwanne Victor; Amah, Kalu Ubou; Ugwu, Chukwuemeka Michael; Onyenekwe, Charles Chinedum; Ahaneku, Eberendu Joseph

doi:10.3126/ajms.v10i3.22505

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is similar to previous studies carried out in a south-eastern state of Nigeria in 2021, which reported significantly higher AE in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative persons. 39 Similar to our finding, Ezeugwunne et al 40 in 2019 reported a reduction in serum concentration of AE as the length of ART treatment progressed among HIV-positive patients in Nnawi, Nigeria. The reason for reduced AE with increased length of treatment is unclear but may be related to the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Lipids and apolipoproteins C-III and E among treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced persons with HIV in Nigeria

Okunorobo,

Nnamah,

Ude

et al. 2023

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

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Background: Dyslipidaemia is a known cause of cardiovascular mortality. Persons living with HIV are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to lipid metabolism disorders associated with HIV or its therapy.Objective: This study evaluated concentrations of lipoproteins and apolipoprotein C-III and E, as a way of assessing cardiometabolic risks among HIV patients.Methods: We enrolled 50 HIV-negative persons and 100 HIV-positive patients, 50 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 50 treatment-naïve persons, from the Central Hospital and the Stella Obasanjo Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, between May 2015 and November 2015. Participants with a history of metabolic abnormalities were excluded. Apolipoproteins were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while lipids were measured by spectrophotometry.Results: There were significant abnormalities in the lipid profile of patients with HIV. Triglycerides levels of HIV patients (ART-naïve: 1.44 ± 0.65 mmol/L; p 0.001 and ART-experienced: 1.49 ± 0.70 mmol/L; p = 0.001) were significantly higher than among controls (0.95 ± 0.54 mmol/L). HIV patients had higher concentrations of apolipoprotein C-III than controls (p 0.001) and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (treatment-naïve: 2.83 mmol/L and ART-experienced patients: 3.59 mmol/L) than controls (2.50 mmol/L; p = 0.003). Conversely, HIV patients had significantly lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to controls (p 0.001).Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia was observed among HIV participants, irrespective of their ART experience. Therefore, it is crucial that the lipids of HIV patients be closely monitored to enable early intervention and decrease cardiovascular death.What this study adds: This study affirms that dyslipidemia is a complication of HIV or the prolonged use of ART.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Lipids and apolipoproteins C-III and E among treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced persons with HIV in Nigeria

Okunorobo,

Nnamah,

Ude

et al. 2023

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

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“…Also earlier reports have shown occurrence of abnormal androgen metabolism which resulted in increased aromatization of testosterone to estradiol in HIV infected men [ 27 ]. A study by Ezeugwunne et al [ 28 ]., confirmed this fact. In contrast to the previous study [ 28 ], the present study showed decreased estradiol level among ART naïve HIV infected males as compared with negative control but the difference was not statistically significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Ezeugwunne et al [ 28 ]., confirmed this fact. In contrast to the previous study [ 28 ], the present study showed decreased estradiol level among ART naïve HIV infected males as compared with negative control but the difference was not statistically significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum gonadal hormones levels and hypogonadism in ART naïve newly diagnosed HIV infected adult males in Mwanza, Tanzania

Iddi,

Dika,

Kidenya

et al. 2024

BMC Endocr Disord

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Background Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is an endemic chronic disease which is characterized with progressive depletion of CD4 T cells and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Previous studies have associated HIV infection with increased hypogonadism. However, the prevalence of hypogonadism remained poorly defined and widely ranging in various studies. This study aims to evaluate the serum gonadal hormonal levels and hypogonadism in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve newly diagnosed HIV infected-males in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods This was a comparison study involving 81 ART naïve newly diagnosed HIV-infected adult males as study group and 81 apparently healthy HIV-negative males as comparison group. The participants in the study group and comparison group were matched by body mass index and age. Serum hormones [Total testosterone (TT), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E) were estimated. Serum testosterone < 300 ng/dl, or testosterone > 300 ng/dl with high LH and FSH (compensatory hypogonadism) were taken as markers of hypogonadism. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15. Results The median serum testosterone level among ART naïve newly diagnosed HIV-infected adult males was significantly lower as compared to their comparison group (447 [259–534] versus 517 [396–605]; p = 0.0074) and shown to decrease with decreasing CD4 level. The median [IQR] serum FSH level among ART naïve newly diagnosed HIV-infected adult males was significantly higher than among their comparison group (3.8 [2.1–6.5] versus 2.6 [1.8–4.2]; p = 0.0086). The differences in serum LH and Estradiol were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the proportion of hypogonadism was significantly higher among ART naïve newly diagnosed HIV-infected adult males than in their comparison group (37.0% [30/81] versus 14.8% [12/81]; p = 0.0006). Out of these 30, 24 HIV-infected males had secondary hypogonadism, one had primary, and the remaining five had compensatory hypogonadism. Conclusion Serum testosterone was lower and follicle stimulating hormone was higher among ART naïve HIV-infected males as compared to the HIV negative controls. Hypogonadism, mainly secondary, is common endocrine abnormality among ART naïve HIV-infected male patients in this study. HIV is associated with variations in gonadal hormones which may lead to sexual dysfunction in infected individuals.

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Serum Reproductive hormone levels in male symptomatic HIV/AIDS patients on Antiretroviral therapy negative to Malaria parasite in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Lipids and apolipoproteins C-III and E among treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced persons with HIV in Nigeria

Lipids and apolipoproteins C-III and E among treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced persons with HIV in Nigeria

Serum gonadal hormones levels and hypogonadism in ART naïve newly diagnosed HIV infected adult males in Mwanza, Tanzania

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