Background: AIDS is an endemic disease that causes death among young adults worldwide especially in Nigeria. Aims and Objectives: This study investigated the serum reproductive hormone levels in symptomatic HIV/AIDS male subjects on ART who are negative to malaria parasite in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 274 adult male participants aged between 18 and 60 years were randomly recruited, and grouped into: symptomatic HIV (stage 11) infected male participants on ART (A: n=69), Symptomatic HIV subjects not on ART (B: n= 69), Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects (C: n= 68) and HIV seronegative subjects (D: n= 68). Serum was used to assay for PSA, LH, FSH, Estrogen, Testosterone, Progesterone and Prolactin levels. Analysis of variance and student t-test were used for data analyses. Results: The serum levels of PSA, FSH, Estrogen, Testosterone, Progesterone and Prolactin were significantly different amongst the groups at p<0.05 respectively. There were significantly higher levels of PSA, Estrogen, Progesterone but lower levels of Testosterone and Prolactin in subjects on ART compared with control at p<0.05 respectively. There were significantly higher levels of PSA, FSH, Estrogen,Progesterone but lower levels of Testosterone in subjects not on ART compared with control at p<0.05 respectively. Conclusion: The reduction on serum levels of Testosterone and higher levels in FSH, PSA, Estrogen, and Progesterone may reveal presence of hypogonadism, primary testicular failure, prostate abnormalities such as cancer and hyperprogesteronaemia, in symptomatic HIV positives.
Introduction: Leptin circulating levels increase with weight gain and decrease with weight loss. The amount of leptin circulating in the body is proportional to an individual's fat. We investigated the association of leptin and remnant cholesterol in normal-weight, overweight and obese participants in southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional random study. A total of 90 healthy obese, overweight, and normal-weight participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly enrolled in the study. They were grouped using their body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 (average weight), 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 (overweight), and ≥30 kg/m2 (obese). The measured parameters were analyzed using standard methods. Results: Our results showed that there was a progressive increase of remnant cholesterol among the group, but there was no statistical difference (p>0.05) in the mean calculated remnant cholesterol (mmol/l) between the obese (0.72±0.4mmol/l), overweight (0.68±0.46), and average weight (0.50±0.28mmol/l) participants. There was a significant difference in the mean level of Leptin (ug/l) of the obese participants compared to regular weight participants (0.63±0.29 vs. 0.25±0.26, 0.001) and overweight when compared to average weight (0.51±0.27 vs. 0.25±0.26, 0.003). Remnant cholesterol did not correlate with body mass index (BMI) in those that are obese, overweight, or normal weight. Leptin correlated positively with BMI but inversely with Remnant cholesterol. Conclusion: The result obtained from this study suggests that leptin has a positive relationship with BMI, and calculated Remnant cholesterol does not appear to have a direct relationship with obesity. There was no association between leptin and remnant cholesterol among the groups.
Background: Coffee has a number of bioactive compounds that have beneficial effects on human health in general and more importantly is the fact that coffee consumption has positive impact on the liver function. The present study investigated the effect of coffee consumption on liver enzymes: alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and conjugated bilirubin (CB) levels among student in Nnewi.Methods: A total of twenty-five (25) apparently healthy participants aged between 18 and 30 years which were randomly recruited from College of Health Sciences’ students to serve as both test and control group. Each participant was advised to abstain from coffee and similar beverages for a period of three weeks prior to the commencement of the study. Subsequently, in addition to their normal diet, each of the subjects was given 2 gm of coffee dissolved in 150 ml of hot water in which 50 mg of non-dairy creamer was added before breakfast daily for 28 consecutive days. 6 ml each of baseline and test samples (after an overnight fast) were collected at day 0 and 29 respectively from each participant. Liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, and ALP activity as well as TB and CB levels was determined using standard laboratory methods.Results: This showed significant reductions in the mean serum AST and ALT activity, TB and unconjugated bilirubin (UB) levels with no significant alterations in the mean ALP activity and CB level in participants studied after short-term coffee consumption.Conclusions: This study revealed the hepatoprotective effect of coffee intake at short term basis.
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