Serum Profiling for Identification of Autoantibody Signatures in Diseases Using Protein Microarrays

Abstract

Protein microarrays are platforms for studying protein-protein interactions and identifying disease-related self-antigens/autoantigens, which elicit an immune response in a high-throughput format. Protein arrays have been extensively used over the past two decades for several clinical applications. By using this platform, serum containing autoantibodies against potential self-antigens can be screened on proteome-wide arrays, harboring a large repertoire of full-length human proteins. Identification of such autoantigens can help deducing early diagnostic, as well as, prognostic markers in case of malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and other systemic diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the protein microarray technology along with details of an established method to study autoantibody profiles from patient sera.

A protein microarray‐based serum proteomic investigation reveals distinct autoantibody signature in colorectal cancer

“…This perturbation subsequently results in defects in immune tolerance, inflammation, and cellular death mechanisms [11]. All these bioprocesses lead to the development of tumor-associated antigens (TA) that evoke an immune response and subsequent generation of antibodies against self-proteins, called TA autoantibodies (AAbs) [12][13][14]. The autoantibody production reflects greater immunological actions and advanced immunosurveillance in CRC patients.…”

Evaluation of autoantibody signatures in pituitary adenoma patients using human proteome arrays

“…Over the last two decades, high-density protein microarrays have been used for several clinical applications. Clinical samples like serum have been used to study autoantibodies against potential self-antigens, thus helping in early diagnostics, identifying prognostic markers and studying autoimmune disorders and systemic diseases [13]. Several studies in this field have identified potential autoantibody biomarkers for different types of tumours, including gastric cancer, lung cancer, brain tumours and breast cancer [14,15].…”