Serum profile of IL-1β and IL-17 cytokines in patients with visceral leishmaniasis

Babaloo, Zohre; Oskoei, Mehrangiz Rajaei; Kohansal, Mohammad Hasan; Barać, Aleksandra; Ahmadpour, Ehsan

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101431

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In agreement with our results around the levels of IFN‐γ, it has been reported that in human VL, the response is predominantly Th2‐type with absence of PBMCs derived IFN‐γ 37 . However, other studies reported significant up‐regulation of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, 38,39 IL‐1β 40 and IL‐33 41 in the sera of the patients with active VL. This discrepancy may be due to the differences in the age, ethnic and racial diversity and the species of Lesihmania as well as the sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In agreement with our results around the levels of IFN-γ, it has been reported that in human VL, the response is predominantly Th2-type with absence of PBMCs derived IFN-γ. 37 However, other studies reported significant up-regulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α, 38,39 IL-1β 40 and IL-33 41 To Our study has some limitations such as lower sample size, lack of determining parasite burden during treatment and long-term follow-up to determine VL recurrence.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 85%

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Treatment effects on IL‐9+CD4+ T cells and the cytokines influencing IL‐9 production in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis

Moravej

Choopanizadeh

Pourabbas

et al. 2020

Parasite Immunology

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IL-9 + CD4+T cells comprise a heterogeneous population of T cells including T helper (Th)-2, 1 Th17, 2 regulatory T cells 3 and a recently discovered T-cell subset named Th9. 4 Closely related to Th2, Th9 is deviated from naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-21, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10. 5-8 Although IL-9 is known as prototype cytokine of Th9, these cells cannot produce other cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and interferon (IFN)-γ. 9 To produce IL-9, several cytokines (IL-1α/β, IL-2, IFN-α and IL-33) are considered as the activators, 5 and on the other hand, interferon (IFN)-γ is reported to play inhibitory effects on Th9 differentiation and IL-9 production both in vitro and in vivo. 10 Collectively, as shown in Figure 1, various cytokines are involved in the differentiation of IL-9 + CD4+T cells as well as IL-9 secretion. Although the role of IL-9 + CD4+T cells and its prominent cytokine, IL-9, has been clarified in the autoimmune diseases, 11 allergic diseases 12,13 and tumours, 14 limited studies have investigated its role in the infectious diseases. Leishmaniasis, as an infectious disease, is caused by obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania (L). Based on the Leishmania species, host genetics, interaction between host immune system and parasites and the load of Leishmania entrance, the clinical manifestations of the disease range from self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to life-threatening form of visceral leishmanisis (VL)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 85%

Treatment effects on IL‐9+CD4+ T cells and the cytokines influencing IL‐9 production in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis

Moravej

Choopanizadeh

Pourabbas

et al. 2020

Parasite Immunology

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“…This could be due to the fact that the Th17 response is necessary to control infections caused by intracellular pathogens [ 36 ]. Higher serum levels of IL-17A have been described in patients with active VL [ 38 ]. IL-17A levels started to decrease during the treatment, but remained higher compared with uninfected study participants [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of serum cytokine levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals from a Brazilian visceral leishmaniasis endemic area

et al. 2022

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Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains an important infectious disease worldwide. VL-HIV coinfected individuals can present with atypical clinical forms of VL and have a high risk of VL relapse. Some cytokines have been described as potential markers to diagnose active VL and to predict the severity of the cases. However, few studies have included VL-HIV coinfected patients. We aimed to characterize the levels of several cytokines among VL-HIV coinfected individuals living in a VL-endemic area in Northeast Brazil. Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study, aiming to estimate the levels of various cytokines in symptomatic and asymptomatic VL-HIV coinfected individuals. There were 134 study participants (35 symptomatic VL-HIV, 75 asymptomatic VL-HIV, and 24 healthy controls), all ≥ 18 years-old. Serum cytokine levels (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukins 2, 4, 6, 10, and 17A) were quantified using the Becton Dickinson-BD’s Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) system. Results The population mainly consisted of men (64.9%), with a median age of 35 (27–41) years. Asymptomatic individuals were younger (p = 0.013), with more years of education (p < 0.001), and were more often on antiretroviral therapy (p < 0.001) than those in the symptomatic group. Hemoglobin levels (p < 0.001), lymphocytes (p < 0.001) and CD4 count (p < 0.001) were lower in symptomatic individuals, while HIV viral loads were higher (p < 0.001). In the symptomatic VL-HIV coinfected group, we observed increased serum levels of IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-10 compared to asymptomatic patients and the healthy controls. There were no differences in the levels of all cytokines between asymptomatic VL-HIV coinfected individuals and the healthy controls. Conclusions Higher serum levels of IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines were observed in symptomatic coinfected individuals but not in asymptomatically infected individuals. More studies among HIV-positive persons are needed to better understand the role of serum cytokines for prognosis, to define cure and predict VL relapses in VL-HIV coinfected individuals.

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“…DBS cards will be shipped to the Amref Laboratories, where they will be used for nucleic acid isolation and subsequent Leishmania and P. falciparum detection and quantitation, using qPCR for Leishmania kDNA and real-time quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for P. falciparum 18s rRNA 51 53. Isolated serum samples will be sent to the Amsterdam UMC and used in a Luminex-based assay, to measure levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that have been shown to play an important role in the immune response against VL and/or malaria: tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A and IL-22 40 54–60…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features, immunological interactions and household determinants of visceral leishmaniasis and malaria coinfections in West Pokot, Kenya: protocol for an observational study

et al. 2023

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IntroductionVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) and malaria are two deadly parasitic diseases that coexist in West Pokot County, Kenya. The local population is at considerable risk of coinfection with VL and malaria; however, few studies have described the clinical implications of this comorbidity. Questions remain regarding the immune responses responsible for possible predisposing or protective effects. Moreover, characterisation of environmental and household risk factors for co-acquiring VL and malaria is warranted to increase awareness and guide implementation of targeted control strategies. This protocol intends to address these knowledge gaps concerning VL–malaria coinfections.Methods and analysisThis observational research project will have a multimethod approach, starting with a cross-sectional study at Kacheliba Sub-County Hospital in West Pokot, Kenya. Patients with laboratory confirmation of a VL and/or malaria infection will be clinically assessed and symptomatology of monoinfections and coinfections will be compared. Second, a questionnaire will be addressed to all included patients and to healthy controls in local communities. This case–control study will aim to describe household and environmental determinants associated with VL–malaria coinfection. Lastly, blood samples will be collected from a small cohort of VL and malaria monoinfected and coinfected patients during treatment of their infection(s), and from healthy controls and asymptomatic VL and malaria cases recruited in local communities. These specimens will be used for serum cytokine measurements and molecular quantitation ofPlasmodiumandLeishmania. In this way, the immune response and parasite dynamics during VL–malaria coinfection will be characterised longitudinally and compared with those observed in clinical and asymptomatic monoinfections.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Scientific Research Committee of Amref Health Africa. The study findings will be presented at international conferences and published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN15023306).

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Serum profile of IL-1β and IL-17 cytokines in patients with visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Treatment effects on IL‐9+CD4+ T cells and the cytokines influencing IL‐9 production in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis

Treatment effects on IL‐9+CD4+ T cells and the cytokines influencing IL‐9 production in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis

Comparison of serum cytokine levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals from a Brazilian visceral leishmaniasis endemic area

Clinical features, immunological interactions and household determinants of visceral leishmaniasis and malaria coinfections in West Pokot, Kenya: protocol for an observational study

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