Serum polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in healthy Japanese residents: The KOBE study

Abstract

The serum n-3 PUFA compositions were inversely related with the hs-CRP levels, similar associations were also observed in n-6 PUFA compositions. Our results suggest that dietary PUFA intake was inversely associated with attenuated inflammation in healthy Japanese population.

The associations of serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with serum C-reactive protein in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

“…Our findings of the inverse associations of the serum total n-6 PUFA or LA with CRP are supported by several previous epidemiological observations, 11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] although some epidemiological studies have not found associations 8,9,21 or inverse associations have been found only in the subgroup analyses. 10,22 There is also evidence from randomized trials that even very large changes in LA intake do not substantially affect circulating AA concentrations 30 and do not increase inflammation markers.…”

“…31 Although two population studies found a positive correlation between erythrocyte membrane AA and increased CRP, 17,21 other epidemiological studies, including ours, have found little evidence to support the proinflammatory effects of AA. 9,12,14,15,20 AA is indeed a precursor to eicosanoids with pro-inflammatory properties, but it is also a precursor to compounds that have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving (turning off inflammation) effects, such as lipoxins and epoxy fatty acids 5,33,34 Furthermore, in addition to AA, LA is a precursor for several other metabolites, some of which, such as nitrated LA, have potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties. 6,35 Therefore, the concept that LA is a precursor to AA, which in turn is a precursor to pro-inflammatory eicosanoids that would increase systemic inflammation, seems to be too simplistic.…”

“…Although several epidemiological studies have evaluated the associations of the n-6 PUFAs with inflammation markers, the findings have been heterogeneous. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Use of circulating PUFAs would remove the bias associated with dietary assessment methods and would also make it possible to investigate the associations of the mainly endogenously produced n-6 PUFAs, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). However, only few studies have investigated the associations of GLA or DGLA with inflammation, again with heterogeneous results.…”

“…However, only few studies have investigated the associations of GLA or DGLA with inflammation, again with heterogeneous results. [12][13][14]17,20,21 Therefore, our goal was to investigate the associations of the four serum n-6 PUFAs, LA, GLA, DGLA and AA, with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), a key inflammation marker, among generally healthy, middle-aged men.…”

Relationship between Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the General Population:

“…However, some guidelines recommend the use of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) when triglyceride (TG) levels are high or as a secondary target after achieving the management target for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 4,6) . Non-HDL-C is a simple measure calculated by subtracting high-density lipoprotein neoplasm or cardiovascular disease; were not receiving treatment for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia; and were subjectively healthy based on selfreported result [15][16][17][18] . Between July 2010 and December 2011, 1,134 individuals were included in the baseline survey.…”