“…Thus far, various factors—TGF-β1, 2, and 3, BMP2 and 4, vascular endothelial growth factor, connective tissue growth factor 2, vitamin K, valsartan, and IL-3 -4, -6, and –13—are known to induce periostin expression. 10 On the other hand, we and others have demonstrated that periostin is expressed in various inflammatory diseases/states such as AD, 12,15 IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis, 21 eosinophilic otitis media, 22 allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis, 23 idiopathic or drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis, 24,25 scleroderma, 26 and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 27,28 It has been largely undetermined what triggers periostin expression on each of these pathological states.…”