Serum neutralizing activity against <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> leukotoxin in juvenile periodontitis

Tsai, Chi‐Cheng; McArtkur, William P.; Baehni, P; Evian, Cyril I.; Genco, Robert J.; Taichman, Norton S.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1981.tb02043.x

Cited by 122 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This has been confirmed in both non-human primate (unpublished observations) and rodent models (Shenker et al, 1993). Details of the human response consistently showed elevated leukotoxin antibody in localized early-onset periodontitis (LEOP) patients (McArthur et al, 1981;Tsai et al, 1981;Ebersole et al, 1983). Relative to the focus of this review, a crucial point is that the antibody to the leukotoxin was not a dominant antibody response in these patients.…”

Section: (E) Leukotoxinmentioning

confidence: 56%

Immunodominant Antigens in Periodontal Disease: a Real or Illusive Concept?

Podmore

Ebersole

Kinane

2001

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The humoral arm of the immune system provides protection from many medically significant pathogens. The antigenic epitopes of the pathogens which induce these responses, and the subsequent characteristics of the host response, have been extensively documented in the medical literature, and in many cases have resulted in the development and implementation of effective vaccines or diagnostic tests. There is a substantial body of literature on the humoral immune response in periodontal disease, which is targeted at micro-organisms present within periodontal pockets. However, the significance and specificity of the immune response in periodontal disease have proved difficult to elucidate, due to the large number of potential pathogens in the plaque biofilm and the apparent commensal nature of many of these opportunistic pathogens. This review addresses our current knowledge of the approaches and strategies which have been used to elucidate and examine the concept of immunodominant antigens in medical infections and, more recently, periodontal disease. An identification/understanding of the immunodominant antigens would be informative with respect to: (i) the relative importance of the implicated pathogens, (ii) new approaches to immunological diagnosis, (iii) specific bacterial virulence determinants, (iv) natural protective responses, and (v) the selection of potential vaccine candidate antigens. We conclude that immunodominance of antigens in periodontal disease may be relevant to our understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis, but due to the complexity and diversity of the 'pathogenic microbial ecology', it is currently an enigmatic topic requiring a multidisciplinary approach linking clinical, microbiological, and immunological investigations. We also conclude, after assessing the literature available on the topic of immunodominance, that it is a term that, if used, must be clearly defined and understood, since it is often used loosely, leading to a general misinterpretation by readers of oral and medical literature.

show abstract

Section: (E) Leukotoxinmentioning

confidence: 56%

Immunodominant Antigens in Periodontal Disease: a Real or Illusive Concept?

Podmore

Ebersole

Kinane

2001

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…LT inhibits neutrophils within the tissues, allowing A. actinomycetemcomitans to persist in the tissues and even to enter the bloodstream, where it can be deposited on damaged heart valves (260) and prosthetic joints and possibly in atheromas (106). Because LT is an immunogen, the host forms neutralizing antibodies (39,91,302), and this may explain why the infection is limited to the first molars and incisors. In this scenario, LT is contributory to the local tissue destruction around certain teeth and antibodies to it are in turn responsible for the subsequent "immunity" of the other teeth.…”

Section: Specific Plaque Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This organism is acquired in early life, most probably from family members (6,33,91), and possesses a wide range of virulence factors including a potent leukotoxin (26,344). A. actinomycetemcomitans is one of the few plaque bacteria that can invade the gingival tissues (47), and its presence results in elevated antibody titers (64,276,298) to its LPS antigen, its serotype-specific carbohydrate antigen (342), and to its leukotoxin (LT) antigen (60,302,344) in serum and GCF.…”

Section: Specific Plaque Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

Loesche

Grossman²

2001

Clin Microbiol Rev

407

338

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Periodontal disease is perhaps the most common chronic infection in adults. Evidence has been accumulating for the past 30 years which indicates that almost all forms of periodontal disease are chronic but specific bacterial infections due to the overgrowth in the dental plaque of a finite number of mostly anaerobic species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola. The success of traditional debridement procedures and/or antimicrobial agents in improving periodontal health can be associated with the reduction in levels of these anaerobes in the dental plaque. These findings suggest that patients and clinicians have a choice in the treatment of this overgrowth, either a debridement and surgery approach or a debridement and antimicrobial treatment approach. However, the antimicrobial approach, while supported by a wealth of scientific evidence, goes contrary to centuries of dental teaching that states that periodontal disease results from a “dirty mouth.” If periodontal disease is demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, it will be a modifiable risk factor since periodontal disease can be prevented and treated. Since the antimicrobial approach may be as effective as a surgical approach in the restoration and maintenance of a periodontally healthy dentition, this would give a cardiac or stroke patient and his or her physician a choice in the implementation of treatment seeking to improve the patient's periodontal condition so as to reduce and/or delay future cardiovascular events

show abstract

“…Functional activity of antibodies in UP patients' serum was assessed by Tsai et al (1981), who found that the antibodies neutralized the leukotoxin from A .a. Further indication that the antibodies to A.a. may play a protective role in diseases comes from the finding that antibodies to A.a. are found in gingival fluid of patients with LUP at levels comparable with those found in serum .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

1985 Kreshover lecture. Molecular Factors Influencing Neutrophil Defects in Periodontal Disease

et al. 1986

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Major advances in our understanding of the role of the neutrophil in host defense against periodontal organisms have been made through studies of localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Several lines of evidence suggest that LJP is an infectious process closely associated with Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemomitans as a causative agent, although other organisms may also participate. The immunologic profile of LJP patients suggests that a cell-associated neutrophil locomotory dysfunction is a key underlying immunodeficiency resulting in increased susceptibility to periodontal infection. In addition, LJP patients often exhibit cervical lymphadenopathy and IgG-hypergammaglobulinemia, and a markedly elevated antibody response to the infecting organism, A. actinomycetemcomitans, is found in the serum and crevicular fluid of most patients. Evaluation of the locomotory properties of LJP neutrophils shows that random migration and chemokinesis are normal; however, about 70% of the LJP patients suffer from a defect in chemotaxis, with their neutrophils responding poorly to bacterial chemotactic factors, synthetic chemotactic peptides, and complement fragments (C5a). Depressed chemotaxis of LJP neutrophils is paralleled by their reduced capacity to bind the synthetic chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), as well as C5a. Furthermore, there is a reduction in the amount of glycoprotein 110, a neutrophil membrane matrix component and differentiation antigen which is associated with FMLP- and possibly also C5a-mediated chemotaxis. Reduction of C5a and of FMLP ligand binding, decreased expression of GP-110, and reduced neutrophil chemotaxis are consistent with a stem cell maturation error in LJP patients. This is further supported by studies demonstrating increased expression of CR2, the C3d/EBV receptor, on peripheral blood neutrophils of LJP patients. CR2 receptors are normally present on immature human neutrophils but are lost during the maturation process. These alterations in neutrophil surface components and their reduced chemotaxis may result from a genetically determined abnormality. Studies demonstrating the familial nature of both the neutrophil chemotactic disorder and the clinical entity represented by localized juvenile periodontitis point to a strong role for genetic determinants in the disease which affect neutrophil surface receptors.

show abstract

Serum neutralizing activity against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin in juvenile periodontitis

Cited by 122 publications

References 15 publications

Immunodominant Antigens in Periodontal Disease: a Real or Illusive Concept?

Immunodominant Antigens in Periodontal Disease: a Real or Illusive Concept?

Periodontal Disease as a Specific, albeit Chronic, Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment

1985 Kreshover lecture. Molecular Factors Influencing Neutrophil Defects in Periodontal Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About