Serum magnesium levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy

Abstract

Background:Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Hypomagnesemia has been reported to occur at an increased frequency among patients with type 2 diabetes compared with their counterparts without diabetes. Hypomagnesemia has been linked to poor glycemic control. Many studies have been undergone to find out the precipitated factors of retinopathy such as duration and type of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia and increased urinary total protein levels.Aim:This study was carried out to study the correlation between serum magnesium levels, glycosylated hemoglobin and urinary total protein levels in diabetic patients with retinopathy.Materials and Methods:The study population comprised of 30 type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy as Group 2, 30 type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy as Group 3 in the age group 45-75 years as cases and 60 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls (Group 1). Determination of Serum Magnesium (photometric xylidyl blue method), glycosylated hemoglobin, Hb1C (IFCC), fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose (glucose oxidase method) and urine total protein (Pyrogallol red method) was carried out. The statistical software SPSS 11.0 and Systat 8.0 were used for the analysis of the data.Results:Hypomagnesemia was observed in cases compared with both Group 2 and Group 3. FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, Urine total protein levels were increased in cases (without retinopathy and with retinopathy) compared with controls.Conclusion:Hypomagnesemia and albuminuria individually or in conjunction serve as indicators for dysglycemia and could be used as marker for the risk of development of diabetic retinopathy.

Study on serum magnesium levels and glycemic status in newly detected type 2 diabetes patients

“…This difference may be used as a potential predictor for the onset of microangiopathies, similar to the findings of Kundu et al who concluded that low magnesium levels were observed in diabetic patients and it can be used as a marker to predict retinopathy. 14 As observed in multiple studies, the present study also revealed low magnesium levels with increasing age and in female diabetics. 6,15 The causes of low magnesium levels in diabetes are still debated and it may due to an increased urinary loss of magnesium due to the osmotic action of glycosuria along with decreased tubular reabsorption of magnesium due to hyperglycemia.…”

The Relationship between Hypomagnesaemia and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“…However, in contrast to our study [15] who studied Ionized magnesium in Danish children with type 1 diabetes and stated that plasma magnesium was not correlated with glycaemic control as measured by HbA1c [16]. This is possibly because of good glycemic regulation or the small number of participants in this study.…”

“…who studied hypomagnesaemia in diabetic patients and found significantly negative correlation between HbA1c levels and serum magnesium Shaikh, Kundu et al [14,15] studied serum magnesium levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy and reported that there was a negative correlation between magnesium level and HbA1c level [13,15] study that was performed upon 138 type 1 diabetic children and adolescents also reported that there was a negative correlation between magnesium level and HbA1c level (r = -0.317; P<0.001) [13].…”

Serum Selenium Concentration and Subsequent Risk of Diabetes Miletus in Pakistan

“…Selenium among trace elements, required in minute amount, is requisite for the continuation of good health [14,15]. Selenium is a unique indispensable element in that it takes the place of sulfur in cysteine to form the 21 st amino acid selenocysteine that is directly integrated into selenoproteins, as compared to other metals that act as prosthetic groups or cofactors [16].…”