Serum levels of folate, lycopene, β-carotene, retinol and vitamin E and prostate cancer risk

Abstract

Previous studies relating increased serum levels of folate and fat-soluble vitamins to prostate cancer risk have variously shown null associations or to either decrease or increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. Prospective studies of serum folate levels have been reported to show a null association and increased serum levels to either decrease or increase the risk of subsequently developing prostate cancer. Similarly, serum b-carotene and lycopene levels have either been reported to be inversely correlated or not associated with prostate cancer risk. Using a prospective nested case-control study design, which minimized the possibility of disease effects on serum-vitamin concentrations, we report null associations for serum concentrations of folate, lycopene, b-carotene, vitamin A and vitamin E, and subsequent development of prostate cancer.

Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine and prostate cancer incidence and mortality

“…Studies investigating associations between B vitamins and prostate cancer risk have mainly focused on folate and vitamin B12, and a recent meta-analysis concluded that there were positive associations with circulating levels [2], consistent with dietary studies of vitamin B12 [3,4], whereas other studies of either intake or blood levels of folate have been inconclusive [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Associations between other B vitamins and prostate cancer risk have been less widely studied, and findings are inconsistent [3,4,8,10,15,16].…”

Vitamin D3 and Beta-carotene Deficiency is Associated with Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Results of a Case-control Study in China

“…Peto et al (1981) postulated that BC may affect cancer risk in the late 20th century. Since then, BC has received a tremendous amount of attention as potential anti-cancer compounds (Beilby et al, 2010;Druesne-Pecollo et al, 2010). BC may be a protective factor for esophageal cancer as indicated in some studies (Nomura et al, 1997;Lu et al, 1999).…”

One-Carbon Metabolism Nutrients and Epigenetics: A Mechanistic Link Between Aberrant One-Carbon Metabolism and Cancer Risk?

“…Likewise, a null association was observed between serum folate and prostate cancer risk when the study population included only male smokers, which may partially be explained by the high prevalence of inadequate serum folate status in 92 % of this population (Weinstein et al 2003 ). Although the majority of these studies were adjusted for smoking habits and alcohol consumption, two risk factors postulated to affect prostate cancer (Collin et al 2010 ;Beilby et al 2010 ;Johansson et al 2008 ;Shannon et al 2009 ;Verhage et al 2012 ), no effect of modifi cation was found by either of these factors. Similarly, a number of studies stratifi ed results by stage of cancer development (i.e., localized versus advanced stage) (Collin et al 2010 ;Verhage et al 2012 ;Weinstein et al 2006 ;Johansson et al 2008 ) and found no differences in prostate cancer risk with the exception of one study demonstrating that higher dietary folate intakes (from natural and fortifi ed sources) signifi cantly reduced the risk of high-grade prostate cancer when compared to controls and high-risk individuals (Shannon et al 2009 ).…”

“…In general, the majority of case-control studies have demonstrated a lack of effect of dietary and/or supplemental intakes (Shannon et al 2009 ;Verhage et al 2012 ;Vlajinac et al 1997 ;Weinstein et al 2006 ) and circulating levels of folate (Collin et al 2010 ;Beilby et al 2010 ;Johansson et al 2008 ) on prostate cancer risk. Likewise, a null association was observed between serum folate and prostate cancer risk when the study population included only male smokers, which may partially be explained by the high prevalence of inadequate serum folate status in 92 % of this population (Weinstein et al 2003 ).…”