Serum Levels and Molecular Sizes of Growth Hormone during Pregnancy in Relation to Levels of Lactogens, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1

Luthman, Marguerite; Bremme, Katarina; Jónsdóttir, Ingileif; Hall, Kerstin; Roos, Paul; Werner, Sigbritt

doi:10.1159/000293105

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This led us to investigate the changes of free IGF-I in pregnancy. In accordance with previous studies [3,4,5,6,7] we found an increase in total IGF-I only late in pregnancy. In contrast, free IGF-I was increased already at 6–10 weeks of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Free IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and the Binary Complex of IGFBP-1 and IGF-I Are Increased during Human Pregnancy

et al. 2004

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Background/Aims: To investigate changes in free insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) complexed IGF-I during human pregnancy. Methods: Overnight fasting serum was obtained in a longitudinal design from 11 women with non-complicated pregnancy at gestation weeks 6–10, 16–20, 24–28 and 35–38 and, for comparison, 5 weeks post-partum. All samples were analyzed for total and free IGF-I and IGF-II, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-3 proteolysis, total and non-phosphorylated (np-) IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-1 complexed IGF-I. Results: Total IGF-I was increased in late pregnancy (week 35–38) (p < 0.001), whereas free IGF-I was significantly increased by 77% already at week 6–10 (p = 0.004) and by 140% (p = 0.002) at week 34–38, when compared to post-partum levels. At weeks 16–20 and 24–28, levels of free IGF-I were not significantly different from post-partum levels. Significant IGFBP-3 proteolysis was detectable from week 6–10 and throughout pregnancy (p < 0.05). Total and np-IGFBP-1 were significantly increased from 16–20 weeks of pregnancy (both p < 0.05) and IGFBP-1 complexed IGF-I was increased 2-fold from week 16–20 and throughout pregnancy (p < 0.05). However, the saturation of IGFBP-1 remained constant at 27–29% during the study. Conclusion: We found evidence of increased free IGF-I and increased IGF-I in binary complexes during pregnancy, possibly caused by IGFBP-3 proteolysis and decreased ternary complex formation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Serum total IGF-I increases throughout pregnancy but returns to non-pregnant values within 3 days of partum [3]–[7]. IGFBP-1 is synthesized in the decidual stroma [8] and circulating IGFBP-1 increases during pregnancy, with an increased proportion of the non- and lesser phoshorylated isoforms [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and the Binary Complex of IGFBP-1 and IGF-I Are Increased during Human Pregnancy

et al. 2004

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“…The increase in maternal serum levels of placental GH during pregnancy may explain the pregnancy-induced increase in maternal serum IGF-I levels [95, 96, 97, 98]. The mechanisms by which the maternal placental GH/IGF-I axis regulates fetal growth are poorly understood but are thought to involve substrate supply to the fetus.…”

Section: Regulation Of Intrauterine Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Mean IGF-I levels between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation in fetal serum (●) (obtained by cordocentesis) [106, 107, 108, 109]. Similarly, IGF-I increased in parallel in sera from pregnant women (○) [95, 96, 97, 98] at much higher levels. …”

Section: Regulation Of Intrauterine Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Consequences for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Diseases in Adult Life: Does Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Play a Role?

Jensen¹,

Chellakooty²,

Vielwerth

et al. 2003

Horm Res Paediatr

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Low birth weight has been associated with an increased incidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and type 2 diabetes. Endocrine regulation of fetal growth by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is complex. Placental GH is detectable in maternal serum from the 8th to the 12th gestational week, and rises gradually during pregnancy where it replaces pituitary GH in the maternal circulation. The rise in placental GH may explain the pregnancy-induced rise in maternal serum IGF-I levels. In the fetal compartment, IGF-I levels increase significantly in normally growing fetuses from 18 to 40 weeks of gestation, but IGF-I levels are four to five times lower than those in the maternal circulation. Thus IGF-I levels in fetal as well as in maternal circulation are thought to regulate fetal growth. Circulating levels of IGF-I are thought to be genetically controlled and several IGF-I gene polymorphisms have been described. IGF-I gene polymorphisms are associated with birth weight in some studies but not in all. Likewise, IGF-I gene polymorphisms are associated with serum IGF-I in healthy adults in some studies, although some controversy exists. Serum IGF-I decreases with increasing age in healthy adults, and this decline could hypothetically be responsible for the increased risk of IHD with ageing. A recent nested case-control study found that adults without IHD, but with low circulating IGF-I levels and high IGF binding protein-3 levels, had a significantly increased risk of developing IHD during a 15-year follow-up period. In summary, the GH/IGF-I axis is involved in the regulation of fetal growth. Furthermore, it has been suggested that low IGF-I may increase the risk of IHD in otherwise healthy subjects. Hypothetically, intrauterine programming of the GH/IGF axis may influence postnatal growth, insulin resistance and consequently the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus IGF-I may serve as a link between fetal growth and adult-onset disease.

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Hypothesis to explain the association between hypocalciuria and low circulating 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in preeclampsia

Bourges

Halhali

1993

Medical Hypotheses

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Serum Levels and Molecular Sizes of Growth Hormone during Pregnancy in Relation to Levels of Lactogens, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Free IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and the Binary Complex of IGFBP-1 and IGF-I Are Increased during Human Pregnancy

Free IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and the Binary Complex of IGFBP-1 and IGF-I Are Increased during Human Pregnancy

Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Consequences for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Diseases in Adult Life: Does Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Play a Role?

Hypothesis to explain the association between hypocalciuria and low circulating 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in preeclampsia

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