Serum heat shock protein 70 and oxidized LDL in patients with type 2 diabetes: does sex matter?

Abstract

Several studies suggest that the response to various stressors differs between the sexes. We aimed to study serum HSP70 and levels of oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) as markers of oxidative stress in men and women with type 2 diabetes. We quantified serum HSP70 and levels of ox-LDL in three cohorts; patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, patients with long-standing diabetes and normal controls. The cohort of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes was followed up for 3 months under glucoselowering therapy with metformin. Our findings showed that serum HSP70 level was increased in women with long-standing diabetes in comparison with men. HSP70 did not decrease after glucose lowering therapy in women with newly diagnosed diabetes, but it did decrease in men. There was no significant difference on ox-LDL between men and women in any of the studied cohorts. It decreased significantly in the cohort of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes after treatment, regardless of sex. There was no significant correlation between HSP70 and ox-LDL in any of the studied cohorts except among normal women. We suggest that diabetes induces an immune response and impairs cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress more commonly in women with type 2 diabetes than in men.

Increased circulating heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A) levels in gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot study

“…Interestingly, we observed a significant positive correlation between serum Hsp70 concentrations and HbA 1c values in women with GDM, suggesting that chronic hyperglycemia might contribute to the elevation in serum Hsp70 levels observed in GDM. Our finding that circulating Hsp70 concentrations are significantly higher in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes than in those with GDM is consistent with previous data demonstrating that serum Hsp70 levels are associated with the duration of diabetes, especially in women (Nakhjavani et al 2010(Nakhjavani et al , 2011.…”

“…A growing number of studies demonstrate that circulating Hsp70 levels are elevated in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (Morteza et al 2013;Nakhjavani et al 2010Nakhjavani et al , 2011Nakhjavani et al , 2012Oglesbee et al 2005). Inflammation and oxidative stress, characteristic features of diabetes mellitus, have been suggested to account for the increase in serum Hsp70 concentrations in these disorders.…”

The dual behavior of heat shock protein 70 and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to serum CRP levels in type 2 diabetes

“…Some years ago a hypothesis was proposed suggesting that elements of innate immune system, such as acute phase reactants and C reactive proteins (CRP) contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (Crook, 2004;Dandona et al, 2005). Later on, this idea was supported by studies reporting elevated levels of inflammatory markers including white blood cell count, CRP, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and heat shock proteins (HSP) in patients with type 2 diabetes (Nakhjavani et al, 2010a(Nakhjavani et al, , 2010b(Nakhjavani et al, , 2011.…”

Heat shock protein 70 and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes: a matched case control study

“…Extensive literature relates abnormalities of HSP's and type 2 diabetes (Nakhjavani et al 2011;Nakhjavani et al 2010;Kavanagh et al 2011). Recent studies have shown the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (Calabrese et al 2007;Buraczynska et al 2009).…”