Serum Effects Following Tissue Thromboplastin Infusion

Abstract

SummaryTissue thromboplastin injected into the femoral vein of anesthetized rabbits produced intravascular clotting in the vessels through which the thromboplastin flowed. In the systemic arteries macroscopically visible clots were never observed. No trace of tissue thromboplastin could be demonstrated in blood drawn from the carotid artery following infusion of tissue thromboplastin into the femoral vein. The slight, transient enhancement of coagulation of the arterial blood following tissue thromboplastin infusion was caused by a serum effect. After intravenous injection of serum, enhanced activation of coagulation could be observed for a period of up to 2 hrs. It is concluded that tissue thromboplastin, intravenously injected, is removed from the blood during its passage from the femoral vein to the systemic arteries, probably in the capillaries of the lung. True hypercoagulability appears to be due to a serum effect or caused by partial activation of the intrinsic coagulation system. The levels of coagulation precursors in blood are of minor significance.

The Defibrination Syndrome in Rabbits Following Infusion of Tissue Thromboplastin in the Jugular Vein

“…The presence of coagulation enhancing serum factors would explain the apparently normal thrombin generation or thromboplastin activation tests observed in many plasma samples deficient in coagulation factors and showing delayed recalcification times. The serum effect was more pronounced in the thromboplastin activation test than in the thrombin generation test, confirming previous results (3).…”

“…Samples of blood were withdrawn from the right carotid artery through a siliconized steel cannula with its t ip near the aortic arch, so that the samples were obtained as the blood left t h e heart after passage through the lungs. This experimental rntu p differs from our previous study (3) in which infusion took place in the femoral vein. It allows the a dministration of large qu antities of tissue thromboplastin.…”

“…Of the 40 animals receiving this suspension, only 3 died during the 2 h infusion period. This is in contrast to the femoral vein infusions previously reported where animals survived infusions of diluted suspensions only (3). Surviving animals, if not used for further studies, were killed by exsanguination and studied for localization of thrombi.…”

<i>Post partum </i>Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome Treated with Antithrombin-III

“…The binding of AT-III to the aggregating platelets could then secure the reversibility of the process by preventing further damage to the platelets. Thromboplastin is quickly removed from the blood by its passage through the lungs, and the short ened coagulation times of the circulating blood are caused by coagulation-enhancing serum factors, which are slowly eliminated by the liver [15][16][17], In addition, the pregnant women has an increased sensitivity to stimuli known to induce disseminated intravascular coagulation, such as the Shwartzman reaction [18] or conditions grouped as 'syn drome of late pregnancy' [19], Experimentally, pregnant mice were found to be more sensitive to the injection of thromboplastin than non-pregnant mice [20,21]. Hence, thrombosis-inducing stimuli, which the normal body is able to deal with, may have serious consequences in pregnant women.…”

Effect of Induced Chronic Intravascular Coagulation on Plasminogen Activator in Dogs

“…In both, luminal surface is top. Astrup and Albrechtsen (1969) infused thromboplastin briefly into rabbits and found thrombi only in the right side of the heart and in pulmonary arteries. They suggested that the particulate thromboplastic material was filtered out in the lungs.…”