Serum concentrations of antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies are higher in HIV-infected women

Abstract

Manifestations of viral infections like human immune deficiency virus (HIV) differ between women and men. There are some reports due to a higher risk of thrombosis due to antiphospholipid syndrome in HIV-infected women compared with men. The purpose of this study was demonstrating the impact of gender on serum concentration of antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies in HIV-infected patients. A total of 58 HIV-infected patients and 58 age, sex-matched healthy adults were enrolled. We measured platelets count, hemoglobin, partial thromboplastin time (PTT); prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), antiphospholipid IgG/IgM and anticardiolipin IgG/IgM serotypes in our studied population. Age, male-to-female ratio, hemoglobin level, PT, INR, antiphospholipid IgM isotype, anticardiolipin IgM and IgG isotypes levels were not significantly different between HIV-infected patients and healthy individuals, when CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, platelet count, and PTT were significantly lower, and antiphospholipid IgG isotype levels was significantly higher in HIV patients. Antiphospholipid IgG isotypes (3.2 [2.8-4.2] vs. 2.5 [2.3-3.1]; P < 0.001) and anticardiolipin IgG isotypes (2.2 [1.9-2.7] vs. 1.4 [1.4-1.9]; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in HIV-infected women than in HIV-infected men. Antiphospholipid IgG/IgM and anticardiolipin IgG/IgM were significantly correlated in HIV-infected men and women when they did not had any correlation in controls. We suggest that HIV infection accelerate thrombosis in women more profoundly than in men, as a result of differences in disease progression and response to therapy in these patients.

Assessment of Antiphospholipid Antibodies, CD4 Count and Some Haematological Parameters in HIV Patients attending a Tertiary Health Institution in South-Western Nigeria

“…Out of the 90 HIV positive Participants examined, 68 (75.6%) were females while 22 (24.4%) were males. This does not agree with the work of Abdollahi and Morteza [41], who reported no significant differences in the male-to-female ratio. The result of the present study showed that the mean serum antiphospholipid antibodies level was significantly (P<0.001) higher in HIV positive Patients (11.83±7.36 u/ml) compared to the control group (7.30±3.95 u/ml).…”

“…Furthermore, the Total White Blood Cell Count (4.80±1.59 X10 3 /μL) and CD4 count (607.38±276.67cell/μL) of the HIV positive group were found to be significantly lower (P<0.001) than of the healthy controls (7.36±0.97 X10 3 /μL, 994.60±293.32 cell/μL, respectively). This is in agreement with the work of Abdollahi and Morteza [41], who obtained similar results among 58 HIV-infected patients examined. White blood cell count is used to monitor treatment which can cause leucopenia, investigate HIV/AIDS, infections and unexplained fever.…”

“…The result of the present study showed that the mean serum antiphospholipid antibodies level was significantly (P<0.001) higher in HIV positive Patients (11.83±7.36 u/ml) compared to the control group (7.30±3.95 u/ml). This agrees with the work of Soto-vega et al [1] and Abdollahi and Morteza [41], who both reported similar findings among HIV-positive patients compared to the healthy controls. It also agrees with the work of Abdel-Wahab et al [15], who reported that viral infections like HIV can increase the risk of developing elevated aPLs and associated thromboembolic events.…”

The sexual dimorphism of anticardiolipin autoantibodies in acute Q fever patients

“…This is distinct from the sexual dimorphism observed in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), in which women are more affected by the disease than men (sex ratio men/women: 1:5) [6]. In addition, the aCL antibodies sexual dimorphism observed in association with C. burnetii infection is different from that observed in association with HIV infection, in which aCL antibodies are described as significantly higher in women than in men [7].…”

Lymphocytic abnormalities in a mother suggesting transient antiphospholipid antibodies during a previous unsuccesful pregnancy

“…The transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) of dendritic cells (DC) are feasible to induce antigen-specific unresponsiveness in autoreactive T cells generated in AS patients by inducing apoptosis or T cells with regulatory abilities. Some researchers did not find significant differences in male-to-female ratio, antiphospholipid IgM isotype, anticardiolipin IgM and IgG isotype levels between HIV-infected patients and healthy individuals (14). However, CD4+ T-cell count were significantly lower and antiphospholipid IgG isotype levels were significantly higher in HIV patients.…”