Serum concentration of beta amyloid peptide and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme in alzheimers disease patients: search for a potential biomarker

Emadi, Saeed; Aghababaee, Leila; Maghbooli, Mehdi

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20160289

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…This concentration is in the range previously reported for Aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of young genetically modified 3xTg-AD mice, which spontaneously develop brain plaques [ 55 ]. The Aβ40 concentration in control skin in our experiments was 415 ± 57 (pg/mL), which is close to the range of concentrations (340–550 pg/mL) previously found in the blood plasma of healthy humans [ 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Measurement of Aβ in blood by ELISA reveals mainly free peptides, while a significant amount of Aβ peptide remains bonded to plasma proteins and lipoproteins [ 59 ], as well as to cell membranes [ 42 ], and our estimation of Aβ40 in skin has similar limitations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Amyloid Beta Peptide Is Released during Thrombosis in the Skin

Kucheryavykh

Washington

et al. 2018

IJMS

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While it is known that amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits are found in different tissues of both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and healthy individuals, there remain questions about the physiological role of these deposits, the origin of the Aβ peptide, and the mechanisms of its localization to the tissues. Using immunostaining with specific antibodies, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, this study demonstrated Aβ40 peptide accumulation in the skin during local experimental photothrombosis in mice. Specifically, Aβ peptide accumulation was concentrated near the dermal blood vessels in thrombotic skin. It was also studied whether the released peptide affects microorganisms. Application of Aβ40 (4 µM) to the external membrane of yeast cells significantly increased membrane conductance with no visible effect on mouse host cells. The results suggest that Aβ release in the skin is related to skin injury and thrombosis, and occurs along with clotting whenever skin is damaged. These results support the proposition that Aβ release during thrombosis serves as part of a natural defense against infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Amyloid Beta Peptide Is Released during Thrombosis in the Skin

Kucheryavykh

Washington

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“… 11 However, more recently Emadi et al reported that Aβ(1–42) concentration levels in peripheral blood serum samples at the preclinical disease stage is 3.41 ± 2.17 pg mL −1 in aged people and 3.34 ± 1.95 pg mL −1 in young people. 12 They stated that in female AD patients with increasing age, more amounts of Aβ(1–42) remain in brain and thus appears less in the patient's serum, whereas in male AD patients the amount of Aβ(1–42) that remains in the brain is smaller than that of Aβ(1–40). It was concluded that female AD patients would show more adverse cognitive decline than male patients with increasing age because the toxicity of Aβ(1–42) has been shown to be far more than that of Aβ(1–40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded that female AD patients would show more adverse cognitive decline than male patients with increasing age because the toxicity of Aβ(1–42) has been shown to be far more than that of Aβ(1–40). 12 It is therefore suggested that detection of Aβ(1–42) in physiological fluids such as CSF, serum and plasma at lower levels can be used for both screening of AD at an early stage and for monitoring disease progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%