Serum concentration of appetite‐regulating hormones of mother–infant dyad according to the type of feeding

Abstract

Satiety and appetite‐stimulating hormones play a role in the regulation of food intake. Breastfed infants may have a different profile of serum appetite‐regulating hormones than formula‐fed infants. We propose to demonstrate that the serum concentration of appetite regulatory hormones differs according to the type of feeding and that there is a correlation between the serum concentrations of these hormones in mothers and in infants at 4 months of age. In a cross‐sectional analysis, 167 mother–newborn dyads at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled: 74 full breastfeeding (FBF), 56 partial breastfeeding (PBF), and 37 receiving human milk substitutes (HMS). Serum levels of ghrelin (pg/ml), leptin (ng/ml), peptide YY (pg/ml), and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) (pM) were measured. We performed one‐way analysis of variance, unpaired Student t test, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation. The total sample at 16 weeks postpartum included 167 dyads. The mean age was 16 ± 1 weeks. The concentrations of GLP‐1 (pM) and peptide YY (pg/ml) were higher in the FBF group (42.6 and 442.9) than in the HMS group (35.2 and 401.9), respectively, p = 0.046 and p = 0.056. And, the FBF group had higher correlation coefficients of ghrelin (r = 0.411 vs. 0.165), GLP‐1 (r = 0.576 vs. 0.407), and peptide YY (r = 0.218 vs. 0.067), respectively, than the HMS group. The concentrations of GLP‐1 and peptide YY were higher in the FBF group when compared with the HMS group. Mother–infant dyads fed by FBF had more significant direct correlations of appetite‐regulating hormones than those who received HMS.

Appetite‐regulating hormones and anthropometric indicators of infants according to the type of feeding

“…In the case of ghrelin, a potent orexigenic, its concentration in infants appears to be more related to the need to be fed and nourished properly. The higher concentration of GLP‐1 and peptide YY is the result of regulatory mechanisms related both to body composition and to the infant's own growth needs (Vasquez‐Garibay et al, ).…”

“…The collection of blood samples and the assays for the determination of hormonal biomarkers are described elsewhere (Vasquez‐Garibay et al, ).…”

“…We identified mother–newborn dyads who were admitted to the Physiological Puerperium Ward in a shared room at the Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara. The criteria of inclusion, exclusion, and the estimation of the sample size are described elsewhere (Vasquez‐Garibay et al, ).…”

“…Both measurements were performed on the left side using a Lange skinfold caliper. The weight/age, height/age, weight/height, and BMI indices and cephalic circumference were estimated in the Z-score using the WHO growth standard(WHO 2006).The collection of blood samples and the assays for the determination of hormonal biomarkers are described elsewhere(Vasquez- Garibay et al, 2019).…”

Milk lipid composition and structure; The relevance for infant brain development

“…Studies that compare the postprandial hormone release in infants following consumption of human milk vs IMF are limited in number but do confirm differences depending of feeding mode (Lucas et al, 1981;Salmenpera et al, 1988;Slupsky et al, 2017). Recent studies also showed that the profiles of fasting state appetite regulating hormones including insulin and leptin were different between breast-and formula-fed infants (Breij et al, 2017;Vasquez-Garibay et al, 2019). Moreover, these hormones have associated with brain development and cognitive function (Plagemann et al, 2005;Farr et al, 2015;Cato and Hershey, 2016).…”