Serum calcium and incident and fatal prostate cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study

Hemelrijck, Mieke Van; Hermans, Ruben; Michaëlsson, Karl; Melvin, Jennifer; Garmo, Hans; Hammar, Niklas; Jungner, Ingmar; Walldius, G; Holmberg, Lars

doi:10.1007/s10552-012-0015-x

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, there was a significant positive association between albumin-adjusted serum calcium and the risk of "aggressive prostate cancers" (N ¼ 579), defined as fatal cancers that occurred within 2 years following diagnosis (16). These findings are consistent with our conclusion of a time-dependent association between serum calcium and the risk of fatal prostate cancer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A Prospective Study of Total and Ionized Serum Calcium and Time to Fatal Prostate Cancer

Schwartz

Skinner

2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Higher levels of total and ionized serum calcium have been shown to predict fatal prostate cancer in prospective studies. Because the follow-up time in these studies was relatively short, these associations could reflect the effect of clinically significant but occult prostate tumors on serum calcium levels. If this were true, prostate cancer mortality rates among men with higher levels of serum calcium should be higher during the early follow-up period and should decline thereafter.Methods: We tested this hypothesis by estimating the relative risk of death from prostate cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III for incremental increases in total and ionized serum calcium using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent effects.Results: Forty-nine (49) fatal prostate cancers occurred over 204 months of follow-up and 1,069,327 person-months of observation. Men with higher total serum calcium and higher serum ionized calcium had increased risks of fatal prostate cancer during the first 96 months of follow-up [Relative Hazard (RH) ¼ 1.50 per 0.1 mmol/L total serum calcium, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.04-2.17; RH ¼ 1.72 per 0.05 mmol/L ionized calcium, 95% CI ¼ 1.11-2.66]. Evidence of an association between total and ionized serum calcium and prostate cancer deaths was not significant after 96 months.Conclusions: Our analyses support the hypothesis that the elevated risk for fatal prostate cancer observed in men with high serum calcium is because of the presence of extant, but occult prostate cancer.Impact: These findings have implications for the potential use of serum calcium in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1768-73. Ó2012 AACR.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A Prospective Study of Total and Ionized Serum Calcium and Time to Fatal Prostate Cancer

Schwartz

Skinner

2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the current study, the U-shaped association for SHBG was in particular observed for men aged 20 to 40 years and non-Hispanic white men, but there was also a statistically significant but different pattern in Mexican American men. This U-shaped pattern between levels of SHBG and serum calcium is also consistent with the U-shaped pattern for serum levels of calcium and risk of prostate cancer previously found (8). A modifying effect of race/ethnicity was also observed for the association between free estradiol and serum calcium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several epidemiological studies also assessed the link between serum levels of calcium and risk of prostate cancer (3–4, 6–7). Moreover, a study by Berry and colleagues showed that androgens modulate calcium through the direct regulation of the STIM1 gene by androgen receptor binding to the STIM1 promoter (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following positive findings for an association of intake of dairy products and calcium supplements with risk of prostate cancer (1–2), especially advanced disease, the link between serum levels of calcium and prostate cancer has been investigated lately (3–8). In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I), comparing men in the top with men in the bottom tertile of serum calcium, the relative hazard was 2.68 (95% CI: 1.02–6.99) for fatal prostate cancer and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.77–2.20) for incident prostate cancer for men in the highest tertile of serum calcium compared to the lowest (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association of serum calcium with serum sex steroid hormones in men in NHANES III

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Bone is a positive regulator of male fertility, which indicates a link between regulation of bone remodeling and reproduction or more specifically a link between calcium and androgens. This possibly suggests how calcium is linked to prostate cancer development through its link with the reproductive system. We studied serum calcium and sex steroid hormones in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Methods Serum calcium and sex steroid hormones were measured for 1,262 men in NHANES III. We calculated multivariable-adjusted geometric means of serum concentrations of total and estimated free testosterone and estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide (AAG), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by categories of calcium (lowest 5% [<1.16 mmol/L], mid 90%, top 5% [≥1.30 mmol/L]). Results Levels of total and free testosterone, total estradiol, or AAG did not differ across categories of serum calcium. Adjusted SHBG concentrations were 36.4 for the bottom 5%, 34.2 for the mid 90%, and 38.9 nmol/L for the top 5% of serum calcium (Ptrend=0.006), free estradiol levels were 0.88, 0.92, and 0.80 pg/ml (Ptrend=0.048). Conclusions This link between calcium and sex steroid hormones, in particular the U-shaped pattern with SHBG, may, in part, explain why observational studies have found a link between serum calcium and risk of prostate cancer.

show abstract

“…4) For prostate cancer, there were two large Swedish studies. The AMORIS study, with 6,353 incident cases, showed a weak negative association between serum calcium levels and prostate cancer [19], whereas in the Malmø Preventive Project, this association was only seen in young overweight men [20]. 5) For breast cancer, there was an inverse connection with serum calcium [21], as well as no association with serum calcium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Calcium and Risk of Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Xue

Zhou

et al. 2016

Med Sci Monit

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundClinical cases of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC) in combination with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) have been reported occasionally. However, the clinical characteristics and risk factors of concomitant NMTC in PHPT patients remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between PHPT and NMTC, and evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of NMTC in Chinese patients with PHPT.Material/MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis. We reviewed the medical records of 155 patients who underwent surgery for PHPT in two large medical centers in China between 2009 and 2014. The clinical manifestations, biochemical abnormalities, and histological characteristics of PHPT patients were analyzed.ResultsOf the 155 patients with PHPT, 58 patients (37.4%) had thyroid nodules and 12 patients (7.7%) were ill with concomitant NMTC. PHPT patients with NMTC demonstrated significantly lower preoperative serum calcium levels compared to PHPT patients with benign thyroid nodules (p<0.05). A significantly negative association between preoperative serum calcium levels and the presence of NMTC was found in PHPT patients (p<0.05). Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed that albumin-corrected serum calcium levels <2.67 mmol/L had good capacity to differentiate the PHPT patients with NMTC from those with benign thyroid nodules.ConclusionsCompared with the reported much lower prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in the general population, our results suggest that PHPT might be a risk factor for the malignancy of thyroid nodules; a lower level of serum calcium may predict the existence of NMTC in PHPT patients with thyroid nodules.

show abstract

Serum calcium and incident and fatal prostate cancer in the Swedish AMORIS study

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

A Prospective Study of Total and Ionized Serum Calcium and Time to Fatal Prostate Cancer

A Prospective Study of Total and Ionized Serum Calcium and Time to Fatal Prostate Cancer

Association of serum calcium with serum sex steroid hormones in men in NHANES III

Serum Calcium and Risk of Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About