Serum Calcium and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases

Jorde, Rolf; Sundsfjord, Johan; Fitzgerald, Patrick; Bønaa, Kaare Harald

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.3.484

Cited by 134 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…More recently, a prospective study by Lind et al 10 found that serum calcium was an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction in a cohort of Swedish middle-aged men. In another Swedish study, Jorde et al 9 also found a similar association in a group of 12 865 men but not in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…8 Kesteloot and Geboers 2 also noticed that the blood pressure-serum calcium relationship was stronger in younger compared with older men. More recently, elevated serum calcium was found to be a predictor, 9 as well as an independent prospective risk factor, 10 for myocardial infarction in middle-aged men. All of the above studies involved Caucasian populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum calcium revisited: associations with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in Africans

et al. 2010

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Sub-Saharan Africans face an increasing burden of hypertension. Although controversial, recent experimental evidence strongly suggests that serum calcium contributes to elevated blood pressure through increased vascular resistance. We investigated the associations of 24-h blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity with serum calcium in African men stratified by age. The study consisted of 50 younger (median age: 38 years) and 49 older (median age: 49 years) participants. We measured 24-h ambulatory blood pressure with a mean successful inflation rate of 72.6%. Total peripheral resistance and stroke volume reactivity were obtained using a Finometer device during application of the Stroop color and word conflict test. Total serum calcium was adjusted for serum albumin. Results showed that serum calcium levels were similar between the younger and older groups. However, in the younger group, 24-h systolic blood pressure, 24-h diastolic blood pressure and total peripheral resistance reactivity correlated positively, whereas stroke volume reactivity correlated negatively with serum calcium in single and multiple regression analyses (systolic blood pressure: B¼34.99, P¼0.017; diastolic blood pressure: B¼34.93, Po0.001; total peripheral resistance reactivity: B¼65.44, P¼0.048; stroke volume reactivity: B¼À45.40, P¼0.017). No associations were evident in the older African men. In conclusion, 24-h ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures are positively associated with serum calcium in African men younger than 43 years. The blood pressure-serum calcium relationship seems to be mediated through increased vascular resistance during stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum calcium revisited: associations with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in Africans

et al. 2010

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“…(40) However, serum calcium and/or phosphate concentrations have been associated with increased carotid artery plaque thickness (1) and increased incidence of cardiovascular events and death in large retrospective (3,4) and prospective cohorts (2,41) in the general population. Primary hyperparathyroidism is another condition with increased serum calcium concentrations and has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death, (5,6) although evidence for increased vascular calcification is inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum calcium concentrations are positively associated with increased carotid artery plaque thickness (1) and with increased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and death. (2)(3)(4) An increased risk of cardiovascular events and death also has been reported in primary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which serum calcium is elevated. (5,6) In patients with renal failure, calcium supplements accelerate vascular calcification and increase mortality in both dialysis and predialysis populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between vascular calcification, calcium metabolism, bone density, and fractures

Wang

Bolland

Pelt

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Factors involved with calcium metabolism, such as serum calcium and phosphate and calcium intake, have been associated with vascular disease in different populations. We investigated whether this association is mediated via increased vascular calcification by assessing relationships between these factors and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). A total of 1471 healthy postmenopausal women participated in a 5-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium 1 g/day, and 323 healthy middle-aged and older men participated in a 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium 600 or 1200 mg/day. AAC was assessed on vertebral morphometric images at baseline and follow-up. Based on computed tomography, 163 men had CAC assessed, on average, 1.5 years after study completion. In elderly women, AAC was positively related to serum calcium (p < .001), phosphate (p ¼ .04), and the calcium-phosphate product (p ¼ .003), but changes in AAC over time and incidence of cardiovascular events were not related to these variables. In middle-aged men, AAC and CAC were not consistently related to these variables. Neither dietary calcium intake nor calcium supplementation was associated with changes in the prevalence of AAC over time, and calcium supplementation also was not related to CAC scores in men. After adjusting for age, AAC was not associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline, changes in BMD over time, or fracture incidence. CAC also was not related to baseline BMD. In summary, serum calcium and phosphate are associated with AAC in older women, but dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation were not associated with changes in AAC over 2 to 5 years. ß

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“…In epidemiological studies, serum calcium has been found to increase with increasing levels of systolic and diastolic BP. 1 Serum calcium has also been found to correlate with serum cholesterol, BMI and thus metabolic syndrome. 2 Recently, serum calcium has been reported to be independent risk factor for myocardial infarction in middle aged men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Serum Calcium Levels in Essential Hypertension

Jaybhaye¹,

Agarwal²,

Khot³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDAims and Objectives-To study serum total calcium as well as ionic calcium levels in patients with essential hypertension and to correlate serum total calcium levels and ionic calcium levels with other cardiovascular risk factors like BMI and Lipid profile, etc. MATERIALS AND METHODSIt is a descriptive study with 100 newly detected patients of essential hypertension cases and 50 age and sex matched normotensive healthy volunteers as controls. Serum calcium ionic as well as non-ionic was estimated in all the cases and controls along with other parameters. Comparisons were made using student 't' test and chi-square for univariate analysis and multivariate analysis done finally. RESULTSThere was no significant difference between mean level of serum total and ionic calcium in cases and controls in the present study. But study suggested young hypertensives had significantly lower levels of serum total calcium as compared to controls. Also elderly hypertensives had significantly higher levels of serum total calcium as well as ionic calcium compared to young hypertensives. Also, present study suggests that male hypertensives had significantly lower levels of serum total calcium as compared to controls, while female hypertensives had significantly higher levels of serum total calcium as well as ionic calcium compared to male hypertensives. A study showed serum total calcium has significant linear correlation with cardiovascular risk factors like high BMI, high levels of total cholesterol, Triglycerides and low HDL; however, ionic calcium does not have any significant correlation with BMI and lipid profile. CONCLUSIONOur study concludes that though serum calcium total as well as ionic is not associated with hypertension, but regardless of this strong linear correlation of serum total calcium with BMI and hyperlipidaemia may suggest it to be a component of metabolic syndrome.

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Serum Calcium and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases

Cited by 134 publications

References 27 publications

Serum calcium revisited: associations with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in Africans

Serum calcium revisited: associations with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in Africans

Relationships between vascular calcification, calcium metabolism, bone density, and fractures

A Study of Serum Calcium Levels in Essential Hypertension

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