The authors report a patient with the rare presentation of bilateral external jugular vein thrombosis. A 45-year-old man presented with swelling over both sides of the neck and puffiness of the face. Physical examination revealed cordlike thickening of both the external jugular veins. Two-dimensional echocardiographic and Doppler studies showed thrombosis of both the external jugular veins and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed nonvisualization of external jugular veins of either side. No malignancy, coagulation disorder, or any infection was demonstrable. A regular follow-up for 1 year was done, but no other cause could be found and there was no progression of the disease.
GlySH-surfactant herbicide (GlySH), one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, has been considered as minimally toxic to humans. However, clinical toxicologists occasionally encounter cases of severe systemic toxicity. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that ‘GlySH’ is of relatively low oral and acute dermal toxicity. It does not have anticholinesterase effect and no organophosphate-like central nervous system (CNS) effects. The clinical features range from skin and throat irritation to hypotension and death. Severe GlySH-surfactant poisoning is manifested by gastroenteritis, respiratory disturbances, altered mental status, hypotension refractory to the treatment, renal failure, and shock.[1] GlySH intoxication has a case fatality rate 3.2–29.3%. Pulmonary toxicity and renal toxicity seem to be responsible for mortality. Metabolic acidosis, abnormal chest X-ray, arrhythmias, and elevated serum creatinine levels are useful prognostic factors for predicting GlySH mortality.[2] There is no antidote and the mainstay of treatment for systemic toxicity is decontamination and aggressive supportive therapy.We report a case of acute pulmonary edema, which is a rare but severe manifestation of oral GlySH poisoning, where patient survived with aggressive supportive therapy.
Background: Clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 varies from an asymptomatic state to severe disease characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, thrombosis, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reviewed as one of the laboratory factors that have been proposed to predict the severity of disease and mortality in COVID-19 pandemic.Aim and objectives: To evaluate the association between NLR and the disease severity and mortality in COVID-19.Materials and methods: After approval from Institutional Ethics Committee, this prospective cohort study was carried out in a tertiary-care teaching medical institute of Central India. COVID-19 patients of the age group 18 years and above admitted during the study period were included. Cases were categorized into four groups as asymptomatic (Group A), mild (Group B), moderate (Group C), and severe (Group D) based on clinical symptoms, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and chest imaging. NLR was calculated by doing a complete blood count at the time of hospitalization by the Mindray BC-6000 auto hematology analyzer. The outcome of the disease was classified as recovery and death during hospitalization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the ability of NLR at admission to predict severe COVID-19 or mortality. Ordinal regression analysis was used to assess the impact of NLR on disease severity and mortality.Results: Mean NLR was significantly higher in the severe COVID-19 group as compared to the mild/moderate group and in deceased as compared to discharged cases. ROC curve analysis revealed NLR to be an excellent predictor of disease severity as well as a prognostic parameter for risk of death. NLR was found to be a significant independent positive predictor for contracting the severe disease (Odd's ratio 1.396, 95% CI=1.112-1.753, p=0.004) and mortality (Odd's ratio 1.276, 95% CI=1.085-1.499, p=0.003). Conclusion: High NLR was significantly associated with the disease severity and mortality in COVID-19.
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