Serum biochemical profile of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) reared in captivity

Abstract

The emu, also known as Australian ostrich (Dromaius novaehollandiae), is a bird species native to the Australian plains. It is considered the largest bird in Oceania, and the second largest in the world. The correct interpretation of the serological analyses is essential in the development and implementation of sanitary control measures for emus bred and reared in captivity. This study calculates a reference interval for the biochemical profile of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, total proteins and cholesterol in captive emus during pre-hatching and hatching stages, and compares the biochemical parameters of sera of males and females. Increased AST and cholesterol levels were observed in animals that initiated the hatching period. The values of the other parameters decreased. After hatching, all parameters exhibited a trend towards normal values. The results may be useful in the development of new breeding practices for the species, and enlarge the data available for emus.

Serum biochemistry profile and liver function indices of broiler chickens served dietary inclusion of probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and enzyme

“…The activities of Total bilirubin were lower in treatment groups than the control group, while the activities of Double bilirubin were lower in the control group compared to the treatment groups. AST (114.67 to 150.67µl), ALT (21.00 to 29.03µl) and ALP (10.33 to 17.00µl) obtained in this study were within the ranges as reported by Adriana et al (2018); Ezeonwumelu and Omeodu (2019). Furthermore, Hassanein and Soliman (2010) in agreement had earlier opined that mechanisms of action of probiotics included stimulation of endogenous enzymes, reduction of metabolic reactions that produce toxic substances, and production of vitamins or antimicrobial substances.…”

Microplastic Ingestion Induces Size-Specific Effects in Japanese Quail

“…In our case, CK levels had a different pattern compared to AST (Figure S18), and thus muscular damage can be ruled out. Despite differences in AST levels between treatment groups being only a trend, the median values of AST in the quail exposed to large MP (T1 and T3) were higher than 350 U/L (Table S6), which is considered the threshold for hepatic damage in birds . Elevation of AST in quail was previously reported as a biomarker of liver injury caused by exposure to organic pollutants .…”

“…Despite differences in AST levels between treatment groups being only a trend, the median values of AST in the quail exposed to large MP (T1 and T3) were higher than 350 U/L ( Table S6 ), which is considered the threshold for hepatic damage in birds. 70 Elevation of AST in quail was previously reported as a biomarker of liver injury caused by exposure to organic pollutants. 65 In addition, we found a positive correlation between the exposure to large MP and AST levels ( Figure 4 A3; rho = 0.36, P < 0.01), indicating that quail retaining more MP particles in the stomach might be more susceptible to suffer from hepatic damage.…”