Serum Apelin: A New Marker of Early Atherosclerosis in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in children that may be complicated by micro or macrovascular complications. Measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) allows the early detection of atherosclerotic alterations of blood vessels that may complicate T1DM.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:This study is a case-control study. Participants were classified into two groups. The first group included 40 children with T1DM and the second group included 30 matched healthy controls. The studied cases were recruited from Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Ain Shams University. Serum apelin, cholesterol, TG, LDL were measured for every case. Also, albumin level was analyzed in urine. Measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was done for all cases.RESULTS:Comparison between T1DM patients and controls revealed that serum apelin, cholesterol, TG, LDL and albuminuria were significantly increased in cases compared to controls. Significant positive correlations were detected between HbA1C, albuminuria and lipid profile with apelin in the diabetic group (p < 0.05). CIMT has significant positive correlation with serum apelin levels (r = 0.36, p = 0.05). Also, this study found positive correlations between CIMT and some variables as LDL, SBP z-score and duration of the illness.CONCLUSION:Increased levels of serum apelin in T1DM patients may be considered as predicting factor for the ongoing development of vascular sequels. This study highlighted the possible validity of apelin assay as an early predictor of atherosclerosis in T1DM children. Evaluating CIMT in these patients is of at most important for early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Association of Adipocytokines With Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Arterial Stiffness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

“…Moreover, it may have a critical effect in respiratory physiology but only a few studies have investigated the levels in OSA patients and report conflicting conclusions (23,24). Sabry et al (38) reported that serum apelin, which is positively correlated with carotid IMT, can be a new marker of early atherosclerosis in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Our study is the first to compare apelin levels between OSA patients and non-snorers, focusing on the relationship between apelin levels, quantitative IMT, and arterial elasticity in OSA patients.…”

Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Obese and Nonobese Diabetic Children

“…Long-term complications of DM1 are secondary to the damaging impacts of the metabolic consequences of insulin deficiency on tissues of different body organs. Maintaining good control of diabetes by preventing prolonged hyperglycemia is essential to avoid developing complications it in later life [9].…”

“…Diabetic nephropathy occurs in 30% of people with T1DM, mostly in post adolescents. Albumin excretion rate increases until frank albuminuria occur which may result in renal failure [9].…”

Health-related quality of life in a group of Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: relationship to microvascular complications

“…Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common pediatric chronic diseases, in which a progressive autoimmune T cell-mediated β cell destruction of pancreatic islets in genetically susceptible individuals (Wang et al 2017), resulting in loss of insulin secretion (Larsson et al 2016). Numerous studies have reported an increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes in children worldwide (Patterson et al 2015;El Wakeel et al 2017;Sabry et al 2018). It has major health consequences for individuals and societies.…”