Serum and Urinary Creatinine in Children with Severe Protein Malnutrition

Urinary excretion substances in patients with cystic fibrosis: risk of urolithiasis?

“…The urines were immediately stored at ±20°C and analyzed within 1 months. The adequacy of urine collection was assured by comparing the measured creatinine excretion with normal values, recognizing that creatinine excretion might be diminished in malnourished children and that the individual excretion varies from day to day [13,14]. Renal ultrasonography was performed at the time of urine collection using a real-time sector scanner with a 5-or 7.5-MHz transducer (Acuson Computed Sonography, 128XP/10, Mountain View, Calif., USA).…”

Clinical Aspects of Protein Malnutrition

“…Uric acid was not abnormal, but phenolic compounds varied markedly. Apparently the "normal" blood creatinine levels reported prior to treatment are due to abnormally low creatinine clearance (Arroyave et al, 1961b). The proportion of total urinary nitrogen contributed by urea was low; creatinine was normal; and am monia, creatine, uric acid, and amino acid nitrogen were high.…”

“…Increases were seen in urinary ammonia, bound amino acid nitrogen, α-amino acid nitrogen, creatine, and creatinine nitrogen, and "unaccounted-for nitrogen." Serum creatinine and creatine levels have been reported "normal" by several authors (Arroyave et al, 1961b;. Edozien and Phillips (1961), studying 24-hour urine samples of children with kwashiorkor who were receiving low protein diets, found decreased values for total urinary and urea nitrogen.…”

Biochemical Effects of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition in Man

“…Renal adaptations and defense of body composition: The excretion of relatively large volumes of hypotonic urine appears to be characteristic of severe PCM in children, despite gastroenteritis and dehydration present at the time of hospitalization (110). Glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance, creatinine clearance) , renal plasma flow (p-aminohippuric acid clearance) and tubular maxima for p-aminohippurate secretion are reduced with dehydra tion and increased with recovery (96,110) The increased urine and serum creatinine levels, observed by Srikantia et al (129) with refeeding of Kwashiorkor children, can be shown to reflect increased endogenous renal creatinine clearances with recovery, as suggested by Arroyave et al (130). Srikantia et al ascribe the low serum creatinine levels of Kwashiorkor pa tients to insufficient serum precursor, guanidineacetic acid.…”