Clinical Aspects of Protein Malnutrition

Viteri, Fernando E.; Behar, Moisés; Arroyave, Guillermo; Scrimshaw, Nevin S.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3210-2.50019-4

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Biochemically hypoalbuminemia is an invariable finding in developed protein-calorie malnutrition (Viteri et al, 1964). Similar results have been obtained in rhesus monkeys (Deo et al, 1965), rats (Weirner, 1961;Campana et al, 1975;Carnargo et al, 1978), and pigs (Friend et aI., 1961).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on catecholamine levels and weight of heart in rats

Rossi

Oliveira

Zucoloto

et al. 1980

J. Neural Transmission

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Catecholamine levels and weight of heart were studied in rats subjected to protein-calorie malnutrition and after a period of nutritional rehabilitation. Rats given a protein deficient diet (4% protein) for periods of 6 and 12 weeks showed a severe restriction of body weight gain. Nevertheless, even though the measured heart weight of deficient rats was significantly lower than the respective controls (16% protein), the deficient rats incurred "real" cardiac enlargement since the mean heart weight of the equal body weight controls was significantly different from that of the deficient animals. The mean heart weight of rats fed a high-protein diet for 6 weeks thereupon a 6-week period of protein deprivation was still less than that of controls, and the heart ratio was still greater than that of controls. However, the heart weight of rehabilitated rats was not significantly different from that of equal body weight controls. Serum protein and albumin levels in dificient rats were significantly decreased in comparison to rats fed a high-protein diet. While the serum protein levels of rehabilitated rats were lower than those of controls, the albumin levels were not different. The protein-calorie malnourished rats, which received a low-protein diet for 6 and 12 weeks, showed a significant increase in myocardium noradrenaline concentration. After a period of nutritional rehabilitation this change did not persist. These catecholaminergic alterations in heart may be responsible, at least in part, for the different cardiac abnormalities described as a result of protein-calorie dietary deficiency. It may also explain the "real" cardiac enlargement observed in deficient rats, according to the hypothesis that noradrenaline may be the ultimate myocardial hypertrophy hormone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on catecholamine levels and weight of heart in rats

Rossi

Oliveira

Zucoloto

et al. 1980

J. Neural Transmission

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“…It could be argued that this could be the effect of insufficient nutrition. This is very unlikely because the serum albumin levels of operated animals were closely similar to those of sham-operated rats, and hypoalbuminemia is an invariable finding in developed protein-calorie undernutrition [19]. In addition, the observed daily food consumption was well above the assumed adequate dietary intake of 15 g/day per rat for growing rats or adult rats in maintenance [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent flow/low wall shear stress and stretch differentially affect aorta remodeling in rats

Prado

Ramos²,

Alves‐Filho³

et al. 2006

Journal of Hypertension

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Constricted aortas showed two distinct adaptive remodeling responses to hemodynamic stimuli induced by infradiaphragmatic coarctation. The first is remodeling in the hypertensive prestenotic segment with increased circumferential wall tension (CWT), associated with normal tensile stress, laminar flow/normal wall shear stress characterized by enlarged heterogeneous endothelial cells, elongated in the direction of the blood flow, diffusely distributed neointimal plaques, appearing as discrete bulging towards the vascular lumen and medial thickening. Our findings suggest that increased CWT caused by hypertension play a pivotal role in the remodeling of the prestenotic segment through biomechanical effects on oxidative stress and increased expression of transforming growth factor beta. The second is remodeling in the normotensive poststenotic segment with turbulent flow/low wall shear stress and normal CWT and tensile stress characterized by groups of endothelial cells with phenotypic alterations and focally distributed neointimal plaques, similar but many of them larger than those found in the prestenotic segments. Further studies are needed to determine how the mechanical forces of turbulent flow/low shear stress are detected and transduced into chemical signaling by the cells of the artery walls and then converted into pathophysiologically relevant phenotypic changes.

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“…Dietary protein intake affects the metabolism of serum albumin (Viteri et al 1964) and feeding the protein-deficient diet presumably resulted in the reduction in plasma albumin levels. However, not only was the concentration of serum globulin reduced but the percentage distribution of the various fractions was also altered.…”

Section: (C) Relationships Between Tick Resistance and Blood Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Resistance to Boophilus Microplus, Nutritional Status, and Blood Composition in Shorthorn X Hereford Cattle

O'Kelly¹,

Seifert²

1969

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryRelationships between nutrition, blood composition, and tick resistance were studied in three groups of six yearling Shorthorn X Hereford steers. Feeding was ad libitum and group I was offered lucerne hay and safflower seeds, group II lucerne hay only, and group III wheat straw supplemented with molasses. All animals were infested five times with 0·5 g tick larvae during the treatment period of 62 days.The mean number of mature female ticks counted on one side of each animal and the mean percentage change in body weight during treatment were respectively: group I, 1797 and +20·1; group II, 1921 and +14·0; and group 111,3555 and -13·3. At the end of the experimental period there were significant increases (P < 0·05) in haematocrit, haemoglobin, and plasma protein·bound iodine in groups I and II. Significant decreases (P < 0·01) were found in haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma protein.bound iodine, and serum globulin, cholesterol, phos. pholipid, and triglyceride in group III. Serum albumin, total protein levels, and red cell counts were significantly lower (P < 0·01) in group III than in the other two groups. The free: total cholesterol ratio in plasma was significantly elevated (P < 0·01) in all groups.The influence of both nutrition and tick infestation on blood composition is discussed. It was concluded that at the tick dosage used the level of tick resistance is stable on an adequate diet and that dietary deficiency influences the breaking down of resistance.

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Clinical Aspects of Protein Malnutrition

Cited by 38 publications

References 134 publications

Effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on catecholamine levels and weight of heart in rats

Effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on catecholamine levels and weight of heart in rats

Turbulent flow/low wall shear stress and stretch differentially affect aorta remodeling in rats

Relationship Between Resistance to Boophilus Microplus, Nutritional Status, and Blood Composition in Shorthorn X Hereford Cattle

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