Serum Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Bovine Liver Diseases

Abstract

ABSTRACT. A total of 60 cattle were examined for the presence of pathological liver lesions. The liver lesions were classified as glycoge n degeneration, liver abscess, sawdust liver and fatty degeneration. The value of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was investigated as a pilot study for diagnosing liver diseases in cattle. Serum ADA activity was significantly higher in cases with glycogen degeneration (9.8 ± 3.8 U/l) , liver abscess(10.4 ± 3.2 U/l) , sawdust liver (11.5 ± 7.3U/l) and fatty degeneration (20.8 ± 7.7 U/l) than in the controls. The results indicate that ADA activity increases with the degree of hepatocellular damage. We concluded that serum ADA activity may be of value in bovine liver disease diagnosis. KEY WORDS: adenosine deaminase, bovine, liver disease.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(11): 1421-1422, 2004 Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a purine catabolic enzyme ubiquitous in mammalian tissue with the highest concentration in lymphoid tissues. In vitro it catalyzes deamination of both adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2'-deoxyinosine, respectively [3,15]. It was conjectured that its primary function is the detoxification of pharmacologically active adenosine [19]. ADA activity was significantly elevated in sera from human patients with hepatic diseases, hematological malignancies and infectious diseases [12,15]. It is the most useful single test in portal cirrhosis [12]. In bovine studies, it has been reported that elevation of serum ADA activity is accompanied by increase of mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver [9,22] and has been observed in cases of clinical bovine leukemia [23]. We investigated the value of serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity as a pilot study for diagnosing liver diseases in cattle, together with the histopathological examination of the affected livers.A total of 60 cattle slaughtered at Asahikawa slaughterhouse (Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan), or examined by autopsy at Morioka Livestock Hygiene Center (Morioka, Iwate, Japan), were studied. After collection of blood samples, each animal was examined for presence of pathological lesions. The collected liver samples were kept in (10%) neutral buffered formalin and examined histopathologically [2]. Animals with no abnormal clinical signs and no gross post mortem pathological changes in the liver were used as controls. Types of liver diseases were classified according to the gross and histopathological findings, which were diagnosed as glycogen degeneration, liver abscess, sawdust liver and fatty liver. Histopathological examination of the livers showed the presence of irregular clear spaces in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes in glycogen degeneration, focal areas of necrosis with neutrophilic infiltration in sawdust liver and rounded fat globules in the hepatocytes that displaced their contents to one side as in severe fatty degeneration.The serum samples were used to measure serum activities of ADA, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT). The activiti...

Investigations of Adenosine Deaminase and C-reactive Protein in Cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis

“…A correlation between increase in serum ADA levels and severity of inflammation was reported and the increase was suggested to be related with presence of activated T-lymphocytes and monocytes, and organ damages (Baba et al, 2008;Niraula et al, 2018). Elevated ADA-1 activity was also reported in cattle with liver diseases and a positive correlation was determined between serum ADA-1 activity and the degree of hepatocellular damage (Ellah et al, 2004). Furthermore, ADA test has been shown to have a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis in human and thus, its activity has been suggested to be a useful diagnostic marker for tuberculosis (Castro et al, 2003;Baba et al, 2008;Afrasibian et al, 2013).…”

“…Adenosine deaminase (ADA-1) plays a vital role in the maturation of the immunological system and it is essential for proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes (Brigida et al, 2014;Martinez-Navio et al, 2011;Antonioli et al, 2012;Sauer et al, 2012;Flinn and Gennery, 2018). It is considered to be a marker of T-cell activation and inflammation in both human and animals (Castro et al, 2003;Ellah et al, 2004;Baba et al, 2008;Martinez-Navio et al, 2011;Rodriques et al, 2012;Afrasibian et al, 2013;Akhtardanesh et al, 2013;Brigida et al, 2014). Furthermore, ADA was reported to have antiinflammatory effects on normal levels but it was shown to cause tissue and organ damages in high levels (Baba et al, 2008;Niraula et al, 2018).…”

“…Elevated serum CRP and ADA levels were also determined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and they were implicated to be useful biomarkers for diagnosing inflammation and following the treatment (Nalesnik et al, 2011;Sridevi et al, 2018). Therefore, ADA-1 has been suggested to be a useful biomarker for evaluating T-cellmediated immune responses, diagnosing inflammation and organ damages (Ellah et al, 2004;Climent et al, 2009;Baba et al, 2008;Kapisyzi et al, 2009;Afrasiabian et al, 2013;Nagayasu et al, 2018;Niraula et al, 2018).…”

“…Elevated ADA activities reflect the activation of cell-mediated immunity, while decreased values are associated with immunodeficiency (Climent et al, 2009;Poursharifi et al, 2009;Antonioli et al, 2012;Flinn and Gennery, 2018). Adenosine deaminase has been shown to have diagnostic value in several diseases and it is considered to be a marker of T-cell activation and inflammation for both human and animals (Castro et al, 2003;Ellah et al, 2004;Baba et al, 2008;Martinez-Navio et al, 2011;Rodriques et al, 2012;Afrasibian et al, 2013;Akhtardanesh et al, 2013;Brigida et al, 2014). In studies, ADA test has shown to have a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis and suggested to be a useful diagnotic marker for tuberculosis (Castro et al, 2003;Baba et al, 2008;Afrasibian et al, 2013).…”

“…Furthermore, a positive corelation was determined between serum ADA activity and the degree of hepatocellular damage. It was suggested to have a dignostic value for liver disease in cattle (Ellah et al, 2004).…”