Serous fluid cytology of multicentric Castleman’s disease and other lymphoproliferative disorders associated with Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpes virus: a review with case reports

Abstract

Cytological examination of effusions in KSHV-related lymphoproliferative disorders may show similar morphological features but clonality studies and immunocytochemistry are very helpful in distinguishing between these rare benign and malignant lymphoproliferative diseases.

The spectrum of the cytopathological features of primary effusion lymphoma and human herpes virus 8‐related lymphoproliferative disorders

“…This group of disorders is unique in haematopathology since cytopathology is often mandatory and still plays a key role in their diagnosis. 30,31…”

A rare case of HHV‐8‐positive/HIV‐negative/EBV‐negative primary effusion lymphoma in a renal transplant recipient

“…HHV‐8 appears to be predominantly an opportunistic infection, occurring mainly in individuals with immune dysfunction and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In these cases, it should be differentiated from other HHV‐8‐related entities, such as multicentric Castleman’s disease and plasmablastic lymphoma, which all may present as body cavity effusions 8 . Infection with HHV‐8 has also been documented after bone marrow transplantation.…”

“…In these cases, it should be differentiated from other HHV-8-related entities, such as multicen- tric CastlemanÕs disease and plasmablastic lymphoma, which all may present as body cavity effusions. 8 Infection with HHV-8 has also been documented after bone marrow transplantation. PEL occurs rarely in transplant recipients.…”

Haematocytopathology: why?

“…Moreover, many non‐lymphomatous reactive, immunodeficiency‐related and lymphomatous processes may involve non‐haematological organs or be closely intermingled with them but require haematological tools and knowledge to be managed. A proof of these connections is reported in this issue of Cytopathology : three articles 1–3 describe the cytological features of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with Castleman’s disease, Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpes virus, HIV and Epstein–Barr virus.…”

“…In the article by Lobo et al. 1 a remarkable description of cytological features of body cavity effusions in Castleman’s disease and other lymphoproliferative disorders associated with Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpes virus is reported. In this study, ancillary techniques are logically applied, and results are critically evaluated to discriminate the different and complex nature of corresponding pathological processes.…”