Serotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Enteric Nontyphoidal Salmonella Recovered from Febrile Neutropenic Patients and Poultry in Egypt

Youssef, Reem A.; Abbas, Ahmad M.; El-Shehawi, Ahmed M.; Mabrouk, Mona I.; Aboshanab, Khaled M.

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050493

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing are illustrated in (Table 2 ); the recovered NTS isolates showed 100% resistance to clindamycin, followed by streptomycin (98.85). These results are consistent with those obtained by many previous studies [ 15 , 24 ] and It was observed that 100% of isolates from both animals and humans were resistant to clindamycin, although its use in large animals was limited. This demonstrated the cross-transmission of NTS between humans and animals (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The invA gene is considered a universal genetic marker identified in most Salmonella serovars [ 32 ]. Our results confirmed 100% occurrence of invA gene in the examined isolates, as recorded in many previous studies [ 15 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. However, only 67% of the examined samples were invA gene positive [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Many authors in previous studies agree with us in the opinion that the most common serotypes of salmonella in humans and animals were S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis [ 15 , 18 – 20 ]. However, a previous study in Ethiopia demonstrated that the most common serovar were S. dublin and S. Virchow [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Detection of Virulence and β-lactamase resistance genes of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Egypt "one health concern"

Diab

Thabet²,

Elsalam³

et al. 2023

Gut Pathog

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Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major foodborne zoonotic pathogen worldwide. In the current study, Various NTS strains were isolated from (cows, milk and dairy products in addition to humans) in New Valley and Assiut Governorate, Egypt. NTS were firstly serotyped and tested by antibiotic sensitivity test. Secondly, some virulence genes and Antibiotic resistance genes have been identified by using PCR. Finally, Phylogenesis was performed depending on the invA gene, for two S. typhimurium isolates (one of animal origin and the other of human origin for evaluating zoonotic potential). Results Out of 800 examined samples, the total number of isolates was 87 (10.88%), which were classified into 13 serotypes, with the most prevalent being S. Typhimurium and S. enteritidis. Both bovine and human isolates showed the highest resistance to clindamycin and streptomycin, with 90.80% of the tested isolates exhibiting MDR. The occurrence of the invA gene was 100%, while 72.22%, 30.56%, and 94.44% of the examined strains were positive for stn, spvC, and hilA genes, respectively. Additionally, blaOXA-2 was detected in 16.67% (6/ 36) of the tested isolates, while blaCMY-1 was detected in 30.56% (11of 36) of the tested isolates. Phylogenesis revealed a high degree of similarity between the two isolates. Conclusions The high occurrence of MDR strains of NTS in both human and animal samples with high degree of genetic similarity, shows that cows, milk and milk product may be a valuable source of human infection with NTS and interfere with treatment procedures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Detection of Virulence and β-lactamase resistance genes of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Egypt "one health concern"

Diab

Thabet²,

Elsalam³

et al. 2023

Gut Pathog

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“…Based on our eligibility criteria, six studies targeted ARGs among Salmonella and Campylobacter as foodborne illnesses in the Middle East region [46][47][48][49][50][51]. Besharati's study and Youssef's study were two studies that reported the ARGs among NTS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Integrated Studies on Salmonella and Campylobacter Prevalence, Serovar, and Phenotyping and Genetic of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Middle East—A One Health Perspective

et al. 2022

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Background:Campylobacter and Salmonella are the leading causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical challenges for public health and food safety. To investigate and detect infections commonly transmitted from animals, food, and the environment to humans, a surveillance–response system integrating human and animal health, the environment, and food production components (iSRS), called a One Health approach, would be optimal. Objective: We aimed to identify existing integrated One Health studies on foodborne illnesses in the Middle East and to determine the prevalence, serovars, and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Salmonella and Campylobacter strains among humans and food-producing animals. Methods: The databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched for literature published from January 2010 until September 2021. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were included and assessed for risk of bias. To assess the temporal and spatial relationship between resistant strains from humans and animals, a statistical random-effects model meta-analysis was performed. Results: 41 out of 1610 studies that investigated Campylobacter and non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) in the Middle East were included. The NTS prevalence rates among human and food-producing animals were 9% and 13%, respectively. The Campylobacter prevalence rates were 22% in humans and 30% in food-producing animals. The most-reported NTS serovars were Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, while Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the most prevalent species of Campylobacter. NTS isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and ampicillin. C. jejuni isolates showed high resistance against amoxicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. The most prevalent Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs) in isolates from humans included tetO (85%), Class 1 Integrons (81%), blaOXA-61 (53%), and cmeB (51%), whereas in food-producing animals, the genes were tetO (77%), Class 1 integrons (69%), blaOXA-61 (35%), and cmeB (35%). The One Health approach was not rigorously applied in the Middle East countries. Furthermore, there was an uneven distribution in the reported data between the countries. Conclusion: More studies using a simultaneous approach targeting human, animal health, the environment, and food production components along with a solid epidemiological study design are needed to better understand the drivers for the emergence and spread of foodborne pathogens and AMR in the Middle East.

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“…Globally, NTS are the extremely prevalent cause of acquired foodborne infection in humans, causing salmonellosis ( Esmael et al, 2021b ). Salmonellosis is transmitted in humans through the oral-fecal route by the consumption of contaminated food either of animal origin (milk, meat, poultry, and eggs) or green vegetables contaminated by manure ( Youssef et al, 2021 ). The infection symptoms include diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal crumbs as well many other symptoms which arise one or two days after infection and can be persisted for a week ( Wilson and Wilson, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a novel lytic Jerseyvirus phage LPSent1 for the biological control of the multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis in foods

et al. 2023

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella is the tremendously predominant source of acquired foodborne infection in humans, causing salmonellosis which is a global threat to the healthcare system. This threat is even worse when it is combined with the incidence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains. Bacteriophage therapy has been proposed as a promising potential candidate to control a diversity of foodborne infective bacteria. The objective of this study designed to isolate and characterize lytic phages infecting zoonotic multi-drug resistant and strong biofilm producer Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis EG.SmE1 and then apply the isolated phage/s as a biocontrol agent against infections in ready-to-eat food articles including milk, water, apple juice, and chicken breasts. One lytic phage (LPSent1) was selected based on its robust and stable lytic activity. Phage LPSent1 belonged to the genus Jerseyvirus within the Jerseyvirinae subfamily. The lysis time of phage LPSent1 was 60 min with a latent period of 30 min and each infected cell burst about 112 plaque-forming units. Phage LPSent1 showed a narrow host range. Furthermore, the LPSent1 genome did not encode any virulence or lysogenic genes. In addition, phage LPSent1 had wide pH tolerance, prolonged thermal stability, and was stable in food articles lacking its susceptible host for 48 h. In vitro applications of phage LPSent1 inhibited free planktonic cells and biofilms of Salmonella Enteritidis EG.SmE1 with a lower occurrence to form phage-resistant bacterial mutants which suggests promising applications on food articles. Application of phage LPSent1 at multiplicities of infections of 100 or 1000 showed significant inhibition in the bacterial count of Salmonella Enteritidis EG.SmE1 by 5 log10/sample in milk, water, apple juice, and chicken breasts at either 4°C or 25°C. Accordingly, taken together these findings establish phage LPSent1 as an effective, promising candidate for the biocontrol of MDR Salmonella Enteritidis in ready-to-eat food.

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Serotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Enteric Nontyphoidal Salmonella Recovered from Febrile Neutropenic Patients and Poultry in Egypt

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Detection of Virulence and β-lactamase resistance genes of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Egypt "one health concern"

Detection of Virulence and β-lactamase resistance genes of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Egypt "one health concern"

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Integrated Studies on Salmonella and Campylobacter Prevalence, Serovar, and Phenotyping and Genetic of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Middle East—A One Health Perspective

Application of a novel lytic Jerseyvirus phage LPSent1 for the biological control of the multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis in foods

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