Serotype conversion in Vibrio cholerae O1.

Stroeher, Uwe H.; Karageorgos, Litsa; Morona, Renato; Manning, Paul A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.89.7.2566

Cited by 175 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

161

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Serotypes differ from one another only with respect to antigenic determinants that are present on their O-antigen capsule. Inaba organisms have antigenic determinants identified as A and C, while Ogawa organisms have determinants A and B (Stroeher et al 1992). Differences in the serotypes' antigenic determinants are not known to confer differences in any phenotypic characteristics, such as the duration of the infectious period, the strength of the hosts' immune response or the recovery rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotype cycles in cholera dynamics

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interest in understanding strain diversity and its impact on disease dynamics has grown over the past decade. Theoretical disease models of several co-circulating strains indicate that incomplete crossimmunity generates conditions for strain-cycling behaviour at the population level. However, there have been no quantitative analyses of disease time-series that are clear examples of theoretically expected strain cycling. Here, we analyse a 40-year (1966-2005) cholera time-series from Bangladesh to determine whether patterns evident in these data are compatible with serotype-cycling behaviour. A mathematical two-serotype model is capable of explaining the oscillations in case patterns when cross-immunity between the two serotypes, Inaba and Ogawa, is high. Further support that cholera's serotype-cycling arises from population-level immunity patterns is provided by calculations of time-varying effective reproductive rates. These results shed light on historically observed serotype dominance shifts and have important implications for cholera early warning systems.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotype cycles in cholera dynamics

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The coupling of O-PS synthesis and export may be extended to other bacteria whose O antigens lack an obvious non-reducing terminal export signal, for example, Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 (37) and Vibrio cholerae O1 (38). The central requirement for coordination could be accommodated by organization of the key enzymes into a multienzyme complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Membrane-located Glycosyltransferase Complex Required for Biosynthesis of the d-Galactan I Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen in Klebsiella pneumoniae

Kos¹,

Whitfield

2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Such shifts can be caused by several genetic mechanisms. 14 The causative Inaba strain involved in the Inaba-to-Ogawa shift during the recent Latin American cholera epidemic had been shown by biochemical analyses and RNA restriction fragment length polymorphism to be unique to Latin America. 15 The emerging Ogawa strain in that region was shown to be identical to the local Inaba strain in all other respects, and it was suggested that a serotype conversion had occurred, possibly as a result of immune pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of iron on the toxigenicity of Vibrio cholerae.

Patel

Isaäcson²

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to assess the response of cholera toxin (CT) production to increasing iron concentrations in an aquatic environment. Production of CT by seven of eight Vibrio cholerae strains tested, including the Bengal strain (O139), was significantly enhanced in the presence of iron concentrations of 1.0 and 10 g/L. The exception (El Tor Ogawa) had a significant CT response only in the presence of 10 g of iron/L. Enhancement of CT production also occurred at iron concentrations less than 1.0 g/L, but not to a statistically significant degree. The high iron concentrations, which in this study were found to stimulate CT production, have been described by others in association with sediments, water plants, and chitinous fauna. Other investigators have shown a predilection by V. cholerae to attach to these sites in the aquatic environment. The importance of excess in vivo iron with respect to the pathogenicity of several gram-negative bacilli is well recognized. However, the possible impact of environmental iron on the in vitro toxigenicity of a microorganism, in this case V. cholerae in its aquatic environment, is to the best of our knowledge a new finding with important epidemiologic implications. These findings, coupled with the fact that iron concentration is considerably enhanced in industrially polluted waters and sediments, may reflect a causal link between the concurrent global upsurge of industrialization and pandemic occurrence of cholera during the latter half of the 20th century. Enhanced toxigenicity may also cause clinical disease following ingestion of lower than usual infective doses of cholera vibrios, thereby increasing the incidence of symptomatic cases and, possibly, of severe cases.Iron is an essential component of many enzymes and other proteins and is required for growth of virtually all bacteria. 1 The environment as well as animal hosts have limited amounts of free iron available for microbial growth since the metal forms insoluble complexes at neutral or alkaline pH and is sequestered in hosts by iron-binding proteins. One specific iron acquisition system found in some pathogens, including Vibrio cholerae, consists of a microbially produced iron-binding compound, or siderophore, and proteins associated with the transport and use of chelated iron. Environmental strains of V. cholerae produce more siderophore than clinical isolates. 2 The iron transport system is related to increased virulence of some invasive pathogens. Low or unavailable iron may trigger virulence factors such as the shiga toxin of Shigella dysenteriae, 3 diphtheria toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 4 shiga-like toxin I of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, 5 and exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 6,7 A previous study showed that V. cholerae survival time in water significantly increased with increasing iron levels up to optimum values of 0.1-1.0 g/L (pH 7) and 0.01-0.1 g/L (pH 9-11), above which survival decreased. 8 Vibrio cholerae is a noninvasive bacillus that exerts its ...

show abstract

Serotype conversion in Vibrio cholerae O1.

Cited by 175 publications

References 20 publications

Serotype cycles in cholera dynamics

Serotype cycles in cholera dynamics

A Membrane-located Glycosyltransferase Complex Required for Biosynthesis of the d-Galactan I Lipopolysaccharide O Antigen in Klebsiella pneumoniae

The effect of iron on the toxigenicity of Vibrio cholerae.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About