Serotonin-like Immunoreactivity in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems of the Interstitial Acochlidean<i>Asperspina</i>sp. (Opisthobranchia)

Hochberg, Rick

doi:10.2307/25066617

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The arrangement and branching of labial tentacular, oral, and rhinophoral nerves may also bear some variation within Acochlidia. For example the rhinophoral nerve inserts the cerebral rather than the rhinophoral ganglia in an unidentified Asperspina species from Florida (Hochberg, 2007), and A. murmanica (see Neusser et al. , 2008).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Schrödl

Neusser

2010

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The Acochlidia are unique among opisthobranch gastropods in combining extremely high morphological and ecological diversity with modest species diversity. The phylogeny of acochlidians has never been addressed by cladistic means, as their evolution has remained unknown. This study gives a first overview on more than 150 biological and morphological characters that are potentially useful for phylogenetic analysis. Based on 107 characters, a parsimony analysis (PAUP) was performed for all 27 valid acochlidian species together with 11 (plus two) outgroup taxa. The resulting strict consensus tree shows a moderate overall resolution, with at least some bootstrap support for most resolved nodes. The Acochlidia are clearly monophyletic, and originate from an unresolved basal opisthobranch level. The Acochlidia split into the Hedylopsacea (Tantulum (Hedylopsis (Pseudunela (Strubellia ('Acochlidium', 'Palliohedyle'))))) and Microhedylacea (Asperspina (Pontohedyle, 'Parhedyle', 'Microhedyle', (Ganitus, Paraganitus))). The formerly enigmatic Ganitidae, resembling sacoglossan opisthobranchs by having dagger-like rachidian radular teeth, are likely to be highly derived microhedylids. The paraphyly of some of the traditionally recognized family level taxa induced a preliminary reclassification. From the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained, we conclude that the acochlidian ancestor was marine mesopsammic. The colonization of limnic systems occurred twice, independently: first in the Caribbean (with the development of the small interstitial Tantulum elegans), and second in the Indo-Pacific, with a radiation of large-sized benthic acochlidian species. The evolution of extraordinary reproductive features, such as hypodermic impregnation by a complex copulative aparatus in hedylopsaceans, cutaneous insemination via spermatophores in microhedylaceans, and gonochorism in Microhedylidae s.l. (including Ganitidae), is discussed.

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Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Schrödl

Neusser

2010

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Unlike the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase and FMRFamides, the distribution of serotonin has already been studied in detail in the peripheral nervous systems of various opisthobranchs (Moroz et al 1997;Croll et al 2003;Wertz et al 2006Wertz et al , 2007Hochberg 2007) as well as in the pulmonate Helix pomatia (Hernadi and Elekes 1999). No peripheral serotonin-like immunoreactive somata were found in any of the investigated CSOs and serotonin was found primarily in subepidermal nerve Wbres that did not penetrate the epidermis; therefore, these Wbres appear to be eVerent.…”

Section: Serotonin-like Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of neurotransmitters in the CSOs of opisthobranchs has been studied in diVerent opisthobranch taxa (Salimova et al 1987;Moroz et al 1997;Croll 2001;Croll et al 2003;Wertz et al 2006Wertz et al , 2007Hochberg 2007;Wollesen et al 2007). These studies primarily focussed on the distribution of serotonin, whereas investigations of other neurotransmitters or neuropeptides were less extensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine which is synthesized in the nervous system from the amino acid tryptophan (S.-Rozsa 1984). It has been investigated in numerous studies of the central nervous system of gastropods (Ono and McCaman 1984;Longley and Longley 1986;Hernadi et al 1989;Elekes 1992;Sudlow et al 1998;Hernadi and Elekes 1999;Croll et al 2001;Shirahata et al 2004;Newcomb et al 2006;Hochberg 2007) and the CSOs of a variety of opisthobranchs (Moroz et al 1997;Croll et al 2003;Wertz et al 2006Wertz et al , 2007Hochberg 2007;Wollesen et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative immunohistochemistry of the cephalic sensory organs in Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

2008

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The structure and function of the central nervous systems of opisthobranch gastropods have been studied extensively. However, the organisation and function of the peripheral nervous system are poorly understood. The cephalic sensory organs (CSOs) are known to be chemosensory structures in the head region of opisthobranchs. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical methods and confocal laserscanning microscopy to comparatively examine the CSOs of diVerent opisthobranchs, namely Acteon tornatilis, Aplysia punctata, Archidoris pseudoargus and Haminoea hydatis. We wanted to characterise sensory epithelia in order to infer the function of sensory structures and the organs they constitute. Immunoreactivity against the three antigens tyrosine hydroxylase, FMRFamide and serotonin was very similar in the CSOs of all investigated species. Tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity was detected primarily in subepidermal sensory cell bodies, which were much more abundant in the anteriorly situated CSOs. This observation indicates that these cells and the respective organs may be involved in contact chemoreception and mechanoreception. The dominant features of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity, especially in the posterior CSOs, were tightly knotted Wbres which reveal glomerulus-like structures. This suggests an olfactory role for these organs. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity was detected in an extensive network of eVerent Wbres, but was not found within any peripheral cell bodies. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity was found in the same glomerulus-like structures as FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity, indicating a function of serotonin in the eVerent control of olfactory inputs. Besides this functional implication, this study could also add some knowledge on the doubtful homology of the CSOs in opisthobranch gastropods.

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“…3B), suggesting that endogenous serotonin release may play a role in this aspect of crawling even though exogenous application of 5-HT did not increase the speed further. Considering that serotonergic innervation of the foot has been demonstrated in a number of gastropods (2, 18–20), it would be informative to examine whether there is serotonergic innervation of the foot in M. leonina as well.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serotonin Influences Locomotion in the Nudibranch Mollusc Melibe leonina

Lewis

Lyons²,

Meekins³

et al. 2011

The Biological Bulletin

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Serotonin (5-HT) influences locomotion in many animals, from flatworms to mammals. This study examined the effects of 5-HT on locomotion in the nudibranch mollusc Melibe leonina (Gould, 1852). M. leonina exhibits two modes of locomotion, crawling and swimming. Animals were bath-immersed in a range of concentrations of 5-HT or injected with various 5-HT solutions into the hemolymph and then monitored for locomotor activity. In contrast to other gastropods studied, M. leonina showed no significant effect of 5-HT on the distance crawled or the speed of crawling. However, the highest concentration (10−3 mol l−1 for bath immersion and 10−5 mol l−1 for injection) significantly increased the time spent swimming and the swimming speed. The 5-HT receptor antagonist methysergide inhibited the influence of 5-HT on the overall amount of swimming but not on swimming speed. These results suggest that 5-HT influences locomotion at the behavioral level in M. leonina. In conjunction with previous studies on the neural basis of locomotion in M. leonina, these results also suggest that this species is an excellent model system for investigating the 5-HT modulation of locomotion.

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Serotonin-like Immunoreactivity in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems of the Interstitial AcochlideanAsperspinasp. (Opisthobranchia)

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Towards a phylogeny and evolution of Acochlidia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

Comparative immunohistochemistry of the cephalic sensory organs in Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

Serotonin Influences Locomotion in the Nudibranch Mollusc Melibe leonina

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