Serotonin: a regulator of neuronal morphology and circuitry

Daubert, Elizabeth A.; Condron, Barry

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2010.05.005

Cited by 264 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In this context, Tyr and Phe enhance synthesis of physiologic excitatory adrenergic neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) (Fernstrom and Fernstrom 2007) and so-called false neurotransmitters (phenylethanolamine and octopamine) which may also mediate neuronal excitation (Cangiano et al 1982). Tyr promotes serotonin synthesis (Fernstrom and Fernstrom 2007;Daubert and Condron 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plasma phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine are associated with significant changes in intracranial pressure and jugular venous oxygen saturation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

2011

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Changes in plasma aromatic amino acids (AAA = phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine) and branched chain amino acids (BCAA = isoleucine, leucine, valine) levels possibly influencing intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral oxygen consumption (SjvO 2 ) were investigated in 19 sedated patients up to 14 days following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Compared to 44 healthy volunteers, jugular venous plasma BCAA were significantly decreased by 35% (p \ 0.001) while AAA were markedly increased in TBI patients by 19% (p \ 0.001). The BCAA to AAA ratio was significantly decreased by 55% (p \ 0.001) which persisted during the entire study period. Elevated plasma phenylalanine was associated with decreased ICP and increased SjvO 2 , while higher plasma isoleucine and leucine levels were associated with increased ICP and higher plasma leucine and valine were linked to decreased SjvO 2 . The amount of enterally administered amino acids was associated with significantly increased plasma levels with the exception of phenylalanine. Contrary to the initial assumption that elevated AAA and decreased BCAA levels are detrimental, increased plasma phenylalanine levels were associated with beneficial signs in terms of decreased ICP and reduced cerebral oxygen consumption reflected by increased SjvO 2 ; concomitantly, elevated plasma isoleucine and leucine levels were associated with increased ICP while leucine and valine were associated with decreased SjvO 2 following severe TBI, respectively. The impact of enteral nutrition on this observed pattern must be examined prospectively to determine if higher amounts of phenylalanine should be administered to promote beneficial effects on brain metabolism and if normalization of plasma BCAA levels is without cerebral side effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plasma phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine are associated with significant changes in intracranial pressure and jugular venous oxygen saturation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

2011

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“…The reduction of serotonin levels in the development of CNS can affect cell proliferation, differentiation and migration of neurons and synaptogenesis. Serotonin deficiency in the prenatal period leads to developmental disorders of the respiratory system [6,11,15]. Astrocytes may be involved in the above alterations caused by phenylalanine derived from aspartame because they capture, break up, metabolize and exocytose serotonin [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aspartame metabolites on astrocytes and neurons

Rycerz¹,

Jaworska-Adamu²

2013

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K Ka ar ro ol l R Ry yc ce er rz z, , J Ja ad dw wi ig ga a E El lż żb bi ie et ta a J Ja aw wo or rs sk ka a--A Ad da am mu u CNS). The aim of this article is to demonstrate the direct and indirect role of astrocytes participating in the harmful effects of aspartame metabolites on neurons. The artificial sweetener is broken down into phenylalanine (50%), aspartic acid (40%) and methanol (10%) during metabolism in the body. The excess of phenylalanine blocks the transport of important amino acids to the brain contributing to reduced levels of dopamine and serotonin. Astrocytes directly affect the transport of this amino acid and also indirectly by modulation of carriers in the endothelium. Aspartic acid at high concentrations is a toxin that causes hyperexcitability of neurons and is also a precursor of other excitatory amino acid -glutamates. Their excess in quantity and lack of astrocytic uptake induces excitotoxicity and leads to the degeneration of astrocytes and neurons. The methanol metabolites cause CNS depression, vision disorders and other symptoms leading ultimately to meta

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“…The actions of 5-HT are mediated both by nervous and humoral activities [4][5][6][7]. The function of 5-HT has been established as a neural transmitter for the central nervous system [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actions of 5-HT are mediated both by nervous and humoral activities [4][5][6][7]. The function of 5-HT has been established as a neural transmitter for the central nervous Finally, I would like to thank the authors of the three articles for accepting the invitation to write articles for this special issue, and for submitting and revising their manuscripts in a timely manner.…”

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confidence: 99%

How Serotonin is Related with Lower Urinary Dysfunction

Nishizawa

2015

Adv Ther

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5-Hydroxytriptamine (5-HT; serotonin) iswidely involved in human physiology [1][2][3]. The actions of 5-HT are mediated both by nervous and humoral activities [4][5][6][7]. The function of 5-HT has been established as a neural transmitter for the central nervous system [8]. 5-HT may evoke excitation and inhibition, and some of the effects appear to be evoked by the release of other transmitters [9]. This special issue contains three articles that focus on the contribution of 5-HT on the lower urinary tract (LUT) function. A wide variety of 5-HT receptor subtypes are variably expressed in bladder urothelium [10], smooth muscle [11], autonomic excitatory nerve terminals [12], and central pathways controlling the micturition reflex [13]. 5-HT has both physiological and pathological functions in the LUT [14]. This issue begins with a review by Matsumoto-Miyai et al. of the regulatory effects of 5-HT receptors on LUT function. The function of the 5-HT varies in a species-and site-dependent manner. Numerous 5-HT receptor subtypes which present in the LUT have suitably specific expression and/or activity to represent promising drug targets for the treatment of LUT symptoms. The second paper by Michishita et al. discusses mast cell accumulation in rat bladder with partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). They conclude that mast cells contain 5-HT and are more abundant locally in the subserosal layer of partial BOO rat bladders. 5-HT released from mast cells can stimulate 5-HT2 receptors on the detrusor muscle and may cause storage symptoms. The third paper by Imamura et al. focuses on expression of 5-HT receptors in human bladders with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The expression levels of 5-HT2B and 5-HT4 mRNA are similar between the BPH group and the normal group. The expression of 5-HT2A mRNAis significantly lower, while the expression of 5-HT3A and 5-HT7 mRNA is significantly higher in the BPH group than the normal group.Targeting 5-HT3A and 5-HT7 receptors in patients with BPH might be useful therapies for BPH related LUT symptoms.

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Serotonin: a regulator of neuronal morphology and circuitry

Cited by 264 publications

References 111 publications

Changes in plasma phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine are associated with significant changes in intracranial pressure and jugular venous oxygen saturation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Changes in plasma phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine are associated with significant changes in intracranial pressure and jugular venous oxygen saturation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Effects of aspartame metabolites on astrocytes and neurons

How Serotonin is Related with Lower Urinary Dysfunction

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