Serotonin a la carte: Supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan

Turner, Erick H.; Loftis, Jennifer M.; Blackwell, Aaron D.

doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.004

Cited by 269 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Only later it was established that the efficacy of these drugs is much lower than first thought and probably only slightly better than placebo [1]. Thus, when all studies, either published or unpublished, submitted to the FDA were considered, the number of positive randomized controlled trials was only 51% [45,46]. This lack of effect of serotonergic drugs might be regarded as proof that antidepressants such as SSRIs cannot be regarded as "diseasecentred" drugs, i.e.…”

Section: Gaps and Required Improvements: New Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Omics-Based, Systems Biomedicine, and Path and Drug Discovery Methodologies for Depression-Inflammation Research

et al. 2015

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Meta-analyses confirm that depression is accompanied by signs of inflammation including increased levels of acute phase proteins, e.g. C-reactive protein, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. interleukin-6. Supporting the translational significance of this, a meta-analysis showed that anti-inflammatory drugs may have antidepressant effects. Here we argue that inflammation and depression research needs to get onto a new track. Firstly, the choice of inflammatory biomarkers in depression research was often too selective and did not consider the broader pathways.Secondly, although mild inflammatory responses are present in depression, other immune-related pathways cannot be disregarded as new drug targets, e.g. activation of cell-mediated immunity, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways, autoimmune responses, bacterial translocation, activation of the Toll-like Receptor and neuroprogressive pathways. Thirdly, antiinflammatory treatments are sometimes used without full understanding of their effects on the broader pathways underpinning depression. Since many of the activated immune-inflammatory pathways in depression actually confer protection against an overzealous inflammatory response, targeting these pathways may result in unpredictable and unwanted results. Furthermore, this paper discusses the required improvements in research strategy, i.e. path and drug discovery processes, omics-based techniques and systems biomedicine methodologies. Firstly, novel methods should be employed to examine the intracellular networks that control and modulate the immune, O&NS and neuroprogressive pathways using omics-based assays, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics and microbiomics. Secondly, systems biomedicine analyses are essential to unravel the complex interactions between these cellular 4 networks, pathways and the multifactorial trigger factors and to delineate new drug targets in the cellular networks or pathways. Drug discovery processes should delineate new drugs targeting the intracellular networks and immune-related pathways.

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Section: Gaps and Required Improvements: New Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Omics-Based, Systems Biomedicine, and Path and Drug Discovery Methodologies for Depression-Inflammation Research

et al. 2015

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“…Inúmeros estudos envolvendo a neurociência nutricional têm procurado dar destaque e pesquisar as formas de alterar a química cerebral com os nutrientes 4,23 . Nesse sentido, acredita-se que exista uma grande relação entre inadequação alimentar, desequilíbrio na neurotransmissão e alterações neurológicas importantes.…”

Section: I S C U S S ã Ounclassified

“…Contudo, nenhuma diferença foi observada sobre o ganho de peso. O efeito do triptofano sobre a ingestão alimentar pode ser uma consequência do aumento da serotonina no cére-bro, devido a uma maior disponibilidade plasmática do seu precursor, o aminoácido triptofano 4,23 . Confirmando essa hipótese, estudos têm mostrado que tratamento com triptofano é capaz de provocar alterações significantes no sistema serotoninérgico 12,26 .…”

Section: I S C U S S ã Ounclassified

Efeito do tratamento com triptofano sobre parâmetros do comportamento alimentar em ratos adultos submetidos à desnutrição neonatal

et al. 2010

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OBJETIVO: Investigou-se os efeitos do tratamento com triptofano sobre o consumo alimentar em ratos adultos, submetidos ou não a desnutrição precoce. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e quatro ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em nutridos (n=32, caseína=17%) e desnutridos (n=32, caseína=8%), de acordo com a dieta materna empregada no período de lactação. Após o desmame, todos os ratos receberam dieta com 23% de proteína. Pesos corporais foram avaliados no sétimo, vigésimo primeiro e septuagésimo dias de vida. Aos setenta dias de idade, cada grupo nutricional foi dividido em subgrupos: Nutrido-Salina (n=16) e Nutrido-Triptofano (n=16), Desnutrido-Salina (n=16) e Desnutrido-Triptofano (n=16). Os grupos receberam diariamente 1,0mL/100g de triptofano, na dose de 50mg/kgP ou salina (0,9%NaCl), durante 14 dias. Neste período foram realizados os estudos dos parâmetros do comportamento alimentar. Posteriormente obteve-se a média do consumo alimentar relativo e a média do ganho de peso relativo. As análises estatísticas foram feitas utilizando os testes t Student e ANOVA seguido de Tukey, com p<0,05. RESULTADOS: As ninhadas de mães alimentadas com dieta hipoproteica mantiveram pesos inferiores comparados com as ninhadas nutridas (p<0,01) até os setenta dias de vida. Os ratos nutridos tratados com triptofano (M=6,88, DP=0,05) reduziram a ingestão alimentar comparados aos nutridos salina (M=7,27, DP=0,08) (p<0,01). Contudo, não houve efeito sobre o ganho de peso. Entre os desnutridos nenhuma diferença foi encontrada. CONCLUSÃO: Nesse estudo, a restrição proteica neonatal alterou a evolução ponderal em ratos. Além disso, a desnutrição precoce tornou os ratos adultos resistentes aos efeitos inibitórios do triptofano sobre a ingestão alimentar.

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“…In the central nervous system, serotonin is used for communication, and it appears to augment the perception of well-being and modulate the intensity of emotional states. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning [22]. Melatonin is a strong antioxidant, delays the ageing processes, neutralizing free radicals, such as the hydroxyl radical, so melatonin may reduce the damage caused by some types of Parkinson's disease [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of 5-Methyltryptamine,L-Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxy-L-Tryptophan, and Melatonin in the Bulbs of Garlic by Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method Coupled with Densitometric Detection

Muszyńska

Maślanka

Sułkowska-Ziaja

et al. 2014

Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC

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SummaryThin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods coupled with densitometric detection were employed in analyses for the presence of nonhallucinogenic indole compounds in methanol extracts from the garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs originating from China, Georgia, Spain, Mexico, and Poland, and from granulated garlic in the form of seasoning (commercial product). Four indole compounds for which the garlic bulbs were analyzed, were detected: 5-methyltryptamine, L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, and melatonin, the amounts of which ranged from 4.2 to 199.6 mg kg −1 dry weight. In contrast, only 3 indole compounds were found in the garlic bulbs from Spain: 5-methyltryptamine, L-tryptophan and melatonin (85.7, 120.1, and 9.6 mg kg −1 dry weight, respectively). The total amount of indole compounds in the extracts from the garlic bulbs from China was the highest (415.4 mg kg −1 dry weight), while the amounts in the others (from Georgia, Spain, Mexico, Poland) were similar and ranged from 215.4 to 283 mg kg −1 dry weight. The granular, freeze-dried garlic contained the lowest content of indole compounds, and their total amount was only 207 mg kg −1 dry weight.

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Serotonin a la carte: Supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan

Cited by 269 publications

References 104 publications

Toward Omics-Based, Systems Biomedicine, and Path and Drug Discovery Methodologies for Depression-Inflammation Research

Toward Omics-Based, Systems Biomedicine, and Path and Drug Discovery Methodologies for Depression-Inflammation Research

Efeito do tratamento com triptofano sobre parâmetros do comportamento alimentar em ratos adultos submetidos à desnutrição neonatal

Analysis of 5-Methyltryptamine,L-Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxy-L-Tryptophan, and Melatonin in the Bulbs of Garlic by Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method Coupled with Densitometric Detection

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