Seroprevalence of Zika virus among asymptomatic pregnant mothers and their newborns in the Najran region of southwest Saudi Arabia

Al-Ayed, Mohammed Saeed Zayed; Qureshi, Mohamed Ansar; Saif, Ahmed; Alqahtani, Ali S.; Al-Qahtani, Awad Mohammed; Alshaybari, Khalid; Alshahrani, Majed Saeed; Asaad, Ahmed Morad

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2018.408

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The passage of antibodies through breast milk is also unknown. A seroprevalence study of ZIKV in Saudi Arabia among asymptomatic pregnant mothers and their newborns found IgG ZIKV in 12,6% of the mothers but all infant samples were negative [ 15 ]. The fetal immune response to ZIKV infection needs to be further studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus seroprevalence in women who gave birth during Zika virus outbreak in Brazil - a prospective observational study

Alves¹,

Leal

2020

Heliyon

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Background The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil started in August 2015 and ended in May 2017 without effective public health measures for its control have been taken. The immunological status of a community may not only predict future outbreaks as well to answer questions regarding ZIKV not known yet. Objective To verify the seroprevalence of ZIKV in a group of women who were pregnant during the Zika virus outbreak in Recife, three to nine months after the delivery, and to evaluate the neurodevelopment of their children. Methods A cross-sectional study enrolled participants of a cohort study held at Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) during the ZIKV outbreak in Recife. Mothers who gave birth between the last trimester of 2015 and the first semester of 2016, period of the peak of microcephaly outbreak in Recife, were invited. All participants had the serum tested by the anti-ZIKV IgG/IgM enzyme-liked immunosorbent assays, ELISA kit (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). All children whose mothers presented positive serology for ZIKV performed the IgG/IgM ELISA test for ZIKV. These children were also evaluated by a neuropediatrician and the Denver II development screening test was applied. Results Among the 132 studied pregnant women who gave birth at the peak of ZIKV outbreak in Recife, all were ZIKV IgM negative and 81 (61,3%) had ZIKV IgG positive. Mothers ZIKV IgG positive had more fever and rash during the pregnancy as compared with mothers negative for ZIKV; respectively 27/81 (33,3%) vs 6/51 (11,7%), p = 0.005 and 22/81 (27,2%) vs 4 (7,8%), p = 0.016. Only one child had IgG positive serology for ZIKV. No children had neurodevelopment defect for the age group and the Denver II normal scores. Conclusions A high ZIKV IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women at the end of the ZIKV outbreak in Recife was found. This finding suggests that community protective immunity may have contributed to the end of ZIKV outbreak in Recife, Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus seroprevalence in women who gave birth during Zika virus outbreak in Brazil - a prospective observational study

Alves¹,

Leal

2020

Heliyon

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“…Recently, a number of serosurveys of ZIKV infections have been conducted in Oceania, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The seroprevalence was high in Micronesia (73%) [23], Brazil (63.3%) [24], Nicaragua (36 – 56%) [25], French Polynesia (49%) [26], Martinique (42.2%) [27], Bolivia (0 – 39%) [28], Suriname (35.1%) [29], French Guiana (18.8%) [30], Saudi Arabia (12.68%) [31], and Nigeria (10%) [32], but was less than 10% in Laos (9.9%) [33], Indonesia (9.1%) [17], Zambia (6.1%) [34], Cameroon (5%) [35], Rwanda (1.4%) [36], and Kenya (0.24 – 7.11%) [37]. However, the laboratory assays used were varied across the studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low seroprevalence of Zika virus infection among adults in Southern Taiwan

Chien

Huang

et al. 2019

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundWe recently conducted a serosurvey of newly arrived workers in Taiwan from four Southeast Asian countries which revealed that 1% of the migrant workers had laboratory-confirmed recent Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Taiwan, where Aedes mosquitoes are prevalent, has a close relationship with Southeast Asian countries. Up to now, 21 imported cases of ZIKV infection have been reported in Taiwan, but there has been no confirmed indigenous case. The aim of this serosurvey was to assess whether there was unrecognized ZIKV infections in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 212 serum samples collected in a cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study conducted during the end of the 2015 dengue epidemic in Tainan, Taiwan, were analyzed. Anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) for ZIKV and four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes were performed for samples with positive anti-ZIKV antibodies. A confirmed case of ZIKV infection was defined by ZIKV PRNT90 titer ratio ≥ 4 compared to four DENV serotypes.ResultsThe mean age of the 212 participants was 54.0 years (standard deviation 13.7 years), and female was predominant (67.0%). Anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG were detected in 0 (0%) and 9 (4.2%) of the 212 participants, respectively. For the 9 samples with anti-ZIKV IgG, only 1 sample had 4 times higher ZIKV PRNT90 titers compared to PRNT90 titers against four dengue virus serotypes; this individual denied having traveled abroad.ConclusionsThe results suggest that undetected indigenous ZIKV transmission might have occurred in Taiwan. The findings also suggest that the threat of epidemic transmission of ZIKV in Taiwan does exist due to extremely low-level of herd immunity. Our study also indicates that serological tests for ZIKV-specific IgG remain a big challenge due to cross-reactivity, even in dengue non-endemic countries.

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“…To date, no indigenous Zika cases in Makkah have been reported, but serological data indicate that the virus may have circulated elsewhere within the country. In a recent study involving 410 asymptomatic pregnant women in Najran, 24 tested positive for anti-ZIKV IgM and 52 were anti-ZIKV IgG positive, none of whom had travelled abroad [ 78 ]. Although no acute infections were detected using RT-PCR and cross-reactivity with dengue virus could not be excluded, the study points to the possibility of silent ZIKV spread in Saudi Arabia, which needs to be further assessed by larger studies at the nationwide level [ 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the cryptic spread of the 2015–2016 global Zika virus epidemic

Sun

Dickens

Jit

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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Background Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global epidemic in 2015–2016 from Latin America with its true geographical extent remaining unclear due to widely presumed underreporting. The identification of locations with potential and unknown spread of ZIKV is a key yet understudied component for outbreak preparedness. Here, we aim to identify locations at a high risk of cryptic ZIKV spread during 2015–2016 to further the understanding of the global ZIKV epidemiology, which is critical for the mitigation of the risk of future epidemics. Methods We developed an importation simulation model to estimate the weekly number of ZIKV infections imported in each susceptible spatial unit (i.e. location that did not report any autochthonous Zika cases during 2015–2016), integrating epidemiological, demographic, and travel data as model inputs. Thereafter, a global risk model was applied to estimate the weekly ZIKV transmissibility during 2015–2016 for each location. Finally, we assessed the risk of onward ZIKV spread following importation in each susceptible spatial unit to identify locations with a high potential for cryptic ZIKV spread during 2015–2016. Results We have found 24 susceptible spatial units that were likely to have experienced cryptic ZIKV spread during 2015–2016, of which 10 continue to have a high risk estimate within a highly conservative scenario, namely, Luanda in Angola, Banten in Indonesia, Maharashtra in India, Lagos in Nigeria, Taiwan and Guangdong in China, Dakar in Senegal, Maputo in Mozambique, Kinshasa in Congo DRC, and Pool in Congo. Notably, among the 24 susceptible spatial units identified, some have reported their first ZIKV outbreaks since 2017, thus adding to the credibility of our results (derived using 2015–2016 data only). Conclusion Our study has provided valuable insights into the potentially high-risk locations for cryptic ZIKV circulation during the 2015–2016 pandemic and has also laid a foundation for future studies that attempt to further narrow this key knowledge gap. Our modelling framework can be adapted to identify areas with likely unknown spread of other emerging vector-borne diseases, which has important implications for public health readiness especially in resource-limited settings.

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Seroprevalence of Zika virus among asymptomatic pregnant mothers and their newborns in the Najran region of southwest Saudi Arabia

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Zika virus seroprevalence in women who gave birth during Zika virus outbreak in Brazil - a prospective observational study

Zika virus seroprevalence in women who gave birth during Zika virus outbreak in Brazil - a prospective observational study

Low seroprevalence of Zika virus infection among adults in Southern Taiwan

Mapping the cryptic spread of the 2015–2016 global Zika virus epidemic

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