Seroprevalence of selected viral pathogens in pigs reared in organized farms of Meghalaya from 2014 to 16

Abstract

Aim:A pilot study was carried out to find out the seroprevalence of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRS) in pig population of Meghalaya.Materials and Methods:Serum samples were collected from piglets of 40–45 days age group, growers, and sows reared under organized and unorganized management in 11 districts of Meghalaya situated in the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo hills divisions in the time period of 2014-2016 from apparently healthy and suspected pigs. Seroprevalence of PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS specific antibodies was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:A total of 1899 serum samples were collected and screened using antibody ELISA kits specific for PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS. The highest antibody prevalence during the selected time periods was detected for PCV2 (80.8% in 2014, 79.1% in 2015, and 96.2% in 2016) followed by CSFV (76.4% in 2014, 66.09% in 2015, and 25.5% in 2016) and PRRS (2.8% in 2014, 2.7% in 2015, and 3.62% in 2016). The result indicates high seroprevalence for PCV2, which can be considered as an inducement factor due to the immunosuppressive nature of the virus, for animals being susceptible to other pathogens in farms where airborne transmission of PCV2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome among animals reared in close pens can be a major possibility.Conclusions:The data from this study indicates ubiquitous prevalence of PCV2 antibodies in the farm animals along with the endemic presence of swine fever and emergence of PRRS in an organized farm. There are few reports regarding PCV2 infections/outbreaks in pigs associated with reproductive failure from northern and southern part of India, but till date, there are no reports regarding concomitant infection of CSFV and PCV2 from India. Considerable high seropositivity of PCV2 indicates the need for high impact hygiene practice in farms, routine seromonitoring and implementation the vaccination program. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first documented report on the seroprevalence of PCV2, CSFV, and PRRS from pig population of Meghalaya.

Seroprevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and classical swine fever virus in pigs of Mizoram, India

“…In this study, the overall prevalence of CSFV antibodies detected was 40.71% (Table 2) which was comparatively less when compared to previous pan India surveillance finding of 594 serum samples from 12 states and 287 tissue samples tested from 13 states of India using commercial ELISA kits in which mean prevalence of CSFV antibodies in suspected sera was 63.3% and CSFV antigen in the suspected samples was 76.7% (Nandi et al, 2011). The present study is in corroboration with the earlier study where 45.15% seroprevalence was detected (Mukherjee et al, 2018) but higher than reported by earlier worker, i.e., 37% (Patil et al, 2018). The study revealed the endemicity of the diseases in Mizoram since majority of the samples were collected from apparently healthy and suspected animals.…”

“…This implies that swine population acts as a major carrier of viruses and thus plays an important role in its dissemination. Harboring these viral pathogens without showing any distinguishable symptoms, these animals may be considered as reservoir host as viremia is prolonged and most infections are subclinical (Mukherjee et al, 2018). In the present study, Kolasib districts of Mizoram has shown the highest prevalence (54.1%) of CSFV antibodies compared to Aizawl (45%), Champhai (23.2%) and Serchhip (42.7%) districts as shown in Fig.…”

“…In the north-eastern region, the outbreaks of classical swine fever virus have been reported from Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Assam (Rahman et al, 2001;Sarma et al, 2011;Rajkhowa et al, 2013;Malsawmkima et al, 2015;Mukherjee et al, 2018;Barman et al, 2020). The Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Government of Mizoram, has identified the CSF as disease of special economic importance for Mizoram in their Annual Report (2002)(2003).…”

Prevalence of porcine circovirus type 3 in pigs in the southeastern Chinese province of Zhejiang

“…Co-infection of PCV2 with other pathogens has been reported [19][20][21][22][23]. We also examined if PCV3 was concurrent with major diarrheal viruses ( Table 3).…”

“…The OD 450nm values of these samples were from 0.11 to 1.72, and the PCV3 DNA copies varied from 10 2.03 to 10 5. 19 . Fig.…”