Seroprevalence of Maternal and Cord Antibodies Specific for Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps and Rubella in Shunyi, Beijing

Meng, Qinghong; Liu, Ying; Yu, Jinqian; Li, Lijun; Shi, Wei; Shen, Yingjie; Li, Li; Zhan, Shina; Yang, Fan; Wang, Yajuan; Yao, Kaihu

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31283-y

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This criterion is also in line with the manufacturer's instructions. The percentages of neonates from Shunyi with protective anti-Dtx (30.5%) and anti-Ttx (38.5%) IgG level were consistent with our previous studies among cord sera carried in Shunyi (a total of 38.7 and 26.8% of neonates had protection for diphtheria and tetanus) [12]. The prevalence of protective anti-Dtx and anti-Ttx IgG were lower in the neonates from Qianjiang (7.1% for anti-Dtx IgG and 7.6% for anti-Ttx IgG) than in those from Shunyi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Therefore, the maternal antibody associated with DTP vaccine mainly depends on childhood immunizations and nature infections in China. According to our previous research, the prevalence of protective antidiphtheria (Dtx) and anti-tetanus (Ttx) IgG in cord sera were positively associated with pregnant women' birth places [12]. Anti-Ttx were used as an indicator of vaccination with tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine since natural immunity following tetanus disease does not occur as the quantity of tetanus toxin required to produce disease is inadequate to induce an immune response [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The maternal antibody against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis showed distinct regional difference in China

Meng

Qian

et al. 2019

BMC Pediatr

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Background: Passive transferred antibodies to the fetus play an essential role on protecting neonates and young infants until infant vaccination is more efficacious. However, very little is known about the discrepancy of DTP vaccine associated antibodies level in neonates from different economic areas in China. Methods: In 2018, 200 neonates hospitalized in Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital in Beijing, and 238 neonates hospitalized in Qianjiang Central Hospital located in the southwestern mountainous areas were included in this study. Antibodies specific for the antigens covered by DTP vaccine were determined using ELISA Kits (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The cut off value of ≥0.1 IU/ml (anti-diphtheria, anti-Dtx), > 0.1 IU/ml (anti-tetanus, anti-Ttx) and > 40 IU/ml (anti-pertussis toxin, anti-Ptx) were used to assess the percentage of protected neonates, respectively. Results: The antibody levels in the neonates from Qianjiang (0.04 IU/ml for anti-Dtx IgG and 0.07 IU/ml for anti-Ttx IgG) were significantly lower than those from Shunyi (0.12 IU/ml for anti-Dtx IgG and 0.18 IU/ml for anti-Ttx IgG). The prevalence of protective anti-Dtx and anti-Ttx IgG were lower in the neonates from Qianjiang (7.1% for anti-Dtx IgG and 7.6% for anti-Ttx IgG) than in those from Shunyi (30.5% for anti-Dtx and 38.5% for anti-Ttx). The neonates from Qianjiang also had lower detectable rate of anti-Dtx (57.5%) and anti-Ttx IgG (55.8%) than neonates from Shunyi (97.5% for anti-Dtx and 71.0% for anti-Ttx). However, the detectable rate of anti-Ptx IgG in neonates from Qianjiang (39.9%) was higher significantly than in those from Shunyi (30.5%). Two neonates from Qianjiang have anti-PT IgG ≥100.0 IU/ml, which suggested that their mothers have a recent pertussis course. Conclusions: The regional discrepancy of the protective antibody rates might be caused by different vaccine coverage and pertussis exposure, which suggested the importance of Tdap booster immunization for pregnant women or women at childbearing age, those living undeveloped areas in particular.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maternal antibody against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis showed distinct regional difference in China

Meng

Qian

et al. 2019

BMC Pediatr

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“…This gap in immunity is -at least in part -covered by the active, transplacental transfer of maternal pathogenspecific antibodies. Mothers convey passive immunity to their newborns through the transplacental transfer of antibodies, hereby providing a shield for the infant from pathogenmediated diseases (1,9). The amount of transferred antibodies can differ between individuals and is mainly dependent on maternal antibody concentrations (10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Transferred Immunity in Neonates: Mothers, Mechanisms and Mediators

2020

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Over the last years, an increasing number of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases has been reported. Besides elderly and immunocompromised individuals, newborns and small infants are most susceptible to infections, as their immune system is still immature. This vulnerability during infancy can be mitigated by the transplacental transfer of pathogen-specific antibodies and other mediators of immunity from mother to the fetus during pregnancy, followed postnatally by breast milk-derived immunity. Since this largely antibody-mediated passive immunity can prevent the newborn from infections, neonatal immunity depends strongly on the maternal concentration of respective specific antibodies during pregnancy. If titers are low or wane rapidly after birth, the protection transferred to the child may not be sufficient to prevent disease. Moreover, emerging concepts propose that mothers may transfer active immunity to the newborns via vertical transfer of pathogen-specific T cells. Overall, a promising strategy to augment and prolong neonatal immunity is to vaccinate the mother before or during pregnancy in order to boost maternal antibody concentrations or availability of specific T cells. Hence, a large number of pre-and postconceptional vaccine trials have been carried out to test and confirm this concept. We here highlight novel insights arising from recent research endeavors on the influence of prenatal maternal vaccination against pathogens that can pose a threat for newborns, such as measles, pertussis, rubella and influenza A. We delineate pathways involved in the transfer of specific maternal antibodies. We also discuss the consequences for children's health and long-term immunity resulting from an adjustment of prenatal vaccination regimes.

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“…Maternal vaccination is the only time that vaccination can benefit two generations from a single input, with the possible exception of live polio vaccine [82]. A study in Beijing found that the seroprevalence of maternal and cord antibodies specific for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, and rubella were lower than expected and the authors recommended a vaccination program before pregnancy [83]. Breastfeeding after maternal immunisation during pregnancy has been shown to promote transplacental IgG transfer and after birth, IgA is found in breastmilk.…”

Section: Maternal Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review

Lee

Binns

2019

IJERPH

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Infancy remains the most vulnerable period of human life for death, illness, and establishing a lifetime trajectory of growth and health. It is estimated that there are 5.3 million deaths under five years of age worldwide and approximately 800,000 lives could be saved by improving breastfeeding rates and duration. In Asia, an estimated 300,000–350,000 child deaths could be prevented with optimal breastfeeding and the majority would be under 12 months of age. We present a systematic review of studies of infection and breastfeeding in infants in Asia and further review interactions of selected infectious diseases and breastfeeding. Initially, 2459 records of possible interest were identified, 153 full text papers were reviewed in detail, and 13 papers describing diarrhoeal disease and/or acute respiratory tract infection were selected for inclusion in the review. Additional papers were selected to discuss specific diseases and their relationship to breastfeeding. The review found that a variety of methods were used with differing definitions of breastfeeding and diseases. Overall, breastfeeding when compared to the use of infant formula, is associated with significantly lower rates of diarrhoeal disease and lower respiratory tract infection, with a reduction of 50% or more to be expected, especially in infants under six months of age. The relationship between breastfeeding and specific diseases including measles and HTLV1 were reviewed. Breastfeeding reduces some disease rates, but there remain a few conditions where breastfeeding may be contra-indicated.

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Seroprevalence of Maternal and Cord Antibodies Specific for Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps and Rubella in Shunyi, Beijing

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

The maternal antibody against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis showed distinct regional difference in China

The maternal antibody against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis showed distinct regional difference in China

Vertically Transferred Immunity in Neonates: Mothers, Mechanisms and Mediators

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review

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