Seroprevalence of infectious bursal disease in chickens managed under backyard production system in Central Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

Cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2009 to May, 2010 to determine the seroprevalence of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in backyard chickens and to identify the likely potential risk factors in selected sites in Central Oromia, Ethiopia. The study methods involved collection of serum samples, questionnaire surveys, and serological task conducted in laboratories. Accordingly, a total of 276 local backyard chickens were sampled. The sampling involved all chickens at different age groups of both sexes and with no history of previous vaccination against IBD. The samples were processed by using ProFLOK® PLUS indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Out of 276 serum samples tested, 227 were positive for indirect ELISA technique and the overall prevalence of IBD in the study area was found to be 82.2% (227/276). The prevalence of IBD was significantly influenced by site (X 2 = 44.353, P = 0.000). However, no significant difference was observed between age groups (X 2 = 0.535, P = 0.464) and sex (X 2 = 0.25, P = 0.870). The questionnaire also revealed that all the chickens raised in the household were non-vaccinated (100%), majority of them (70%) used own source of replacement chickens and 60% of the house hold poultry producers have no information about the disease. Furthermore, 70% of the farmers did not use disinfectants. Therefore, it can be concluded that IBD have high prevalence in Central Oromia, Ethiopia, and serious attention is warranted.

Sequence-based comparison of field and vaccine strains of infectious bursal disease virus in Ethiopia reveals an amino acid mismatch in the immunodominant VP2 protein

“…In Ethiopia, IBD was first reported in Debre Zeit in 2002 on a commercial farm where a live vaccine imported from the Netherlands was being used [32]. Since then, it has been prevalent in various regions [33], causing high mortality, ranging from 50% to 72%, in chickens [29,34]. The disease is considered one of the important constraints to the poultry industry throughout the country [17].…”

Untitled

“…Seroprevalence of 45.05% (173/384) of Infectious bursal disease (IBD) in chicken reared under backyard poultry production systems in Mekele town was reported [58]. Out of 552 serum samples tested 458 (83%) in backyard chickens at selected districts of Eastern Ethiopia by Tadesse B & Jenbere S [59] of 82.2% (227/276) reported on backyard chickens in both peasant associations and kebelles of Debre Zeit revealed the presence of IBDV specific antibody in the absence of vaccination, which indicate the presence of field exposure of household chickens to the virus by Tesfaheywet Z & Getnet F [14] and 27.8% of with a case fatality rates of 98.56% and 77.73% the incidence of IBD in chickens owned by 775 households in Amhara region of Bahir Dar and Farta district respectively by Hailu M, et al [60]. Agar gel Immuno-diffusion test revealed the presence of antibodies against IBD in the serum of most recovered birds from IBD.…”

“…Infectious bursal disease (IBD) has wide socio-economic importance at the international level because the disease existing in >95% of the member countries and also the incidence of acute clinical cases (vvIBDV) were stated in 80% of the country [13]. The Infectious bursal disease inflicts threat through mortality, decreased weight gain, and condemnation of carcasses as a result of marked heamorrhage in the muscle and secondary losses because of immunological disorder [13,14].…”

A Review of Pathogen Transmission at the Backyard Chicken–Wild Bird Interface

“…IBV, a gamma-coronavirus of poultry and backyard chickens (206), has been isolated from waterfowl and wading birds of Beringia, Alaska, and the nation of Poland (207). IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus of poultry and backyard chickens that targets B-lymphocytes and associated tissues of the immune system (208)(209)(210). It has been isolated from a wide variety of bird species, including waterfowl, columbids, passerines, Galliformes, and members of the Charadriiformes (211-214).…”