Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Children in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

Muro, Florida; Fiorillo, Suzanne; Sakasaka, Philoteus; Odhiambo, Christopher; Reddy, Elizabeth; Cunningham, Coleen K.; Buchanan, Ann M.

doi:10.1093/jpids/pit018

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the prevalence in these 3 studies was significantly lower than the respective seroprevalences in Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Zambia, India and China [9][10][11][12][13] (Table 3). Muro et al at KCMC found a prevalence of 7.0% among HIV infected children [6]. The different results between our study and the Muro et al study may be due to improvement of HBV vaccination coverage.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Individuals with HBV and HIV co-infection have an increased risk of developing complications such as lamivudine resistance, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death [4]. To our knowledge, only two studies were published documenting the seroprevalence of HBV co-infection among HIV infected children in Tanzania [5,6], and more over there are no existing guidelines on the management of these children. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV infected children enrolled into care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Mende¹

2015

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Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most affected with HIV. The wide use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to improvement in life expectancy among HIV infected individuals. However, hepatitis B virus related complications like liver cirrhosis and liver failure are now becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV/HIV co-infection among HIV infected children enrolled into care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). This cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 323 HIV infected children at KCMC between February 2013 and May 2013. Investigations included interviews, physical examination and HBsAg analysis. HIV serostatus and CD4 counts/percentages were obtained from patients records. In addition, information on hepatitis vaccine status was recorded. Among 323 HIV-infected children enrolled, 177 (54.8%) were males. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection was found to be 1.2% (n=4). Hepatitis B virus co-infection was not significantly associated with any of the sociodemographic or behaviour risk factors which were assessed. CD4 counts were significantly associated with hepatitis B virus status whereby children with CD4 counts less than 350 cells/mm3 were 14 times more likely to have hepatitis B virus co-infection as compared to those who had CD4 counts greater than 350 cells/mm3. All of the hepatitis B virus co-infected children had no records of hepatitis B virus immunization, though one was born during the period of universal infant's hepatitis B vaccination (<4 years old). The frequency of hepatitis B virus co-infection with HIV infection was low among HIV infected children in our set up. It is important to strengthen the implementation of the universal infant's hepatitis B virus vaccination. The screening of HIV infected children for hepatitis B virus co-infection is still important whenever possible with immunization of all HIV infected children and adolescents with negative HBsAg.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Mende¹

2015

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“…At Mulago hospital, a study by finding out that the prevalence of HBV infection was 12.9% (51/395) although the prevalence of current HBV infection (HBsAg positive) was 1% and the prevalence of past HBV infection (antiHBc positive) was 11.9% [20]. In the study on Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Children in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, the prevalence of hepatitis B infection was high, at 2.1% among HIV negative children and 9.6% among those with HIV [21]. The infants of these mothers require vaccination within 24 hours after birth to minimize the risk of infection.…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Positivity among Women Receiving Antenatal Care at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

Aheisibwe¹,

Mugisha²,

Ngonzi³

et al. 2019

J Trop Dis

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Background: Hepatitis B infection is a disease of public health significance. The burden of the disease among the pregnant women at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital was not known yet determining seropositivity at antenatal care could prevent HBV in the newborn. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity among women attending antenatal care at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that consisted of 385 pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in a period of three months beginning December 2018 to February 2018. Blood samples were tested for HBsAg using immune-chromatography and positive samples confirmed using the ARCHITECT S2000r system. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis to assess associated factors with HBsAg was done, results were presented in tables. Results: Three hundred eighty-five women were enrolled in the study. Their median age was 26 years. Prevalence of current (HBsAg) was 3.12% (95% CI 1.62-5.38%). Prevalence of HBsAg was higher. The factors associated with HBsAg positivity were having more than one sexual partner 10.3% or 4.695% CI (1.34-16.30) p-value=0.016, history of valval ulcerations 0. R=3.35(CI 1.04-10.77), p-value=0.045 and history of body piercing 12.88% (CI 1.34-124.40), p=0.0027. Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital is high. According to the WHO classification of hepatitis B infection, results show intermediate endemicity, and this clearly points to the need for universal screening of all women attending antenatal care at Mbarara Hospital.

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“…The impact of immigration on rates of HBV in US children and their clinical and virological characteristics are not well defined. In contrast the clinical and demographic features of young HBV-infected subjects residing in the Middle East and Asia are well described 6–10 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Children with Chronic Hepatitis B in the United States and Canada

Schwarz

Cloonan

Ling

et al. 2015

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objectives To test the hypothesis that children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) living in the US and Canada would also have international origins and characteristic hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and laboratory profiles. Study design Clinical characteristics of children enrolled in the HBRN were collected from 7 US and Canadian centers. Results Children (n=343) with an age range of 1.0 – 17.8 years were enrolled; 78% of the children were Asian, 55% were adopted and 97% had international origins with either the child or a parent born in one of 31 countries. The majority had hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype B (43%) or C (32%), and the remainder had genotype A (5%), D (16%), E (4%), or multiple (<1%). Children with genotype B or C were Asian (98% and 96%), more consistently hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive (95% and 82%), had higher median HBV DNA levels (8.2 and 8.3 log10 IU/mL), and less frequently had elevated alanine aminotransferase values (43% and 57%) compared with children with other genotypes. The percentage of HBeAg positivity and of those with HBV DNA ≥6 log10 IU/mL declined with age. Conclusions The majority of children in the HBRN have HBV genotypes which reflect their international origins. Clinical and laboratory data differ substantially by patient age and HBV genotype. Use of these data can help drive the development of optimal strategies to manage and treat children with CHB.

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Children in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HBV Co-infection Among HIV Infected Children Enrolled into Care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Positivity among Women Receiving Antenatal Care at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital

Children with Chronic Hepatitis B in the United States and Canada

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