Seroprevalence of canine neosporosis and bovine viral diarrhoea in dairy cattle in selected regions of Kenya

Olum, Moses; Mungube, E. O.; Njanja, J C; Kidali, John A.; Njenga, Edward; Maichomo, M.W.; Tsuma, V.T.; Mugambi, J. M.

doi:10.1111/tbed.13429

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…They observed that cows in Sohag had a considerably greater prevalence than that in Qena, with a seroprevalence of 46.1% compared with 31.6%, respectively. Pathogenesis of NC leads to abortions and fetal losses by inducing placental damage or causes the release of maternal prostaglandins that in turn cause luteolysis and abortion (Dubey et al, 2007 andOlum et al, 2020). The high seroprevalence recorded in this study indicates a high incidence of NC infections in cattle.These necessitates the application of more effective strategies for combating these types of infections on farms in Egypt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Investigation of The Association Between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Neospora caninum as a Cause of Abortion in Cattle

El-Mohamady

A.M.

Y.G.M.

2021

Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences

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This study aimed to investigate the complementary association between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and Neospora caninum (NC) in the induction of abortion in cattle. The study was carried out on 116 serum samples collected from 116 aborted cows in different Egyptian localities. All blood samples were immediately transported to the diagnostic laboratory. Serum was harvested after centrifugation at 1500×g for 10 min. All sera were divided equally into two microtubes and stored at -20 °C until laboratory testing. Double antibody sandwich immunoenzymatic assay (DS.ELISA) is used for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) p80/p125 antigen detection and Anti-Neospora caninum (NC) antibodies were detected using an indirect ELISA. Our results cleared that the incidences of BVDV and NC among examined cow's serum samples were 66 (56.9 %), where the incidences of BVDV and NC were 31 (26.72 %) and 35 (30.17 %), respectively. There were 18 (27.3 %) samples that showed mixed infection BVDV and NC incidences among examined cattle serum samples. The study concluded that the prevalence of BVDV and NC are high and widely spread in cattle farms in Egypt. There is a pronounced association between BVDV and NC and concurrent infection in cattle farms in Egypt. So we should coordinate surveillance and control programs on abortifacient pathogens (BVDV and NC) should be developed and implemented, which would reduce the losses associated with these diseases in cattle farms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Investigation of The Association Between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Neospora caninum as a Cause of Abortion in Cattle

El-Mohamady

A.M.

Y.G.M.

2021

Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences

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“…In Zebu cattle in the Coastal area of Kenya, a 45.8% BVDVantibody seroprevalence was recorded (Kenyanjui et al, 1994). On dairy farms in Kakamega, Makueni and Nandi Counties of Kenya, antibody seroprevalences were 52.3% and 24.1% for BVDV and N. caninum, respectively (Olum et al, 2020). Since BVDV is easily transmitted between cattle through body secretions, and BVDV antibodies developing from transient infections can remain in circulation for long periods of time (Lindberg and Houe, 2005), it was not surprising that the prevalence of BVDV antibodies approached or exceeded these other reports.…”

Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virusmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, limited attention has been paid to these infections in East Africa, particularly in smallholder dairy farms (Yeşilbağ et al, 2017;Callaby et al, 2016). Olum et al, (2020) reported N. caninum antibodies in 24.1% of Kenyan dairy cattle. Kenyanjui et al, (1994) found a prevalence of 45.8% for BVDV in smallholder Zebu cows in the Kenyan coastal area, but that study did not identify any significant risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in smallholder dairy cattle in Kenya

VanLeeuwen¹,

Muraya

Gitau

et al. 2021

EAJSTI

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Little is known of the risk factors associated with occurrence of Neospora caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) infection in Kenya. This cross-sectional study hypothesized that there are significant biosecurity measures associated with N. caninum and BVDV infections on smallholder dairy farms in Kenya that could be adopted to reduce seroprevalence and impacts. From 158 randomly selected farms in Meru County, Kenya, 470 serum samples were collected from dairy cattle (over six months of age and unvaccinated for these two pathogens). Sera were analyzed for antibodies to N. caninum and antibodies and antigens to BVDV. Data on risk factors were obtained through face-to-face interviews with the farmers. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify significant risk factors associated with seropositivity for the pathogens. The apparent seroprevalence of N. caninum, BVDV antibody, BVDV antigen, and co-infection with N. caninum and BVDV antibody and/or antigen were 35.1%, 47.1%, 36.2% and 18.5%, respectively. Risk factors associated with N. caninum antibody included: introducing milking cows into the farm, lending of cattle between farms, farm dogs having access to bovine aborted fetuses, and dogs whelping in the farm compound, with an interaction between the last two variables. BVDV antigen was associated with cattle having contact with pigs, and an interaction between cattle age and whether farms introduced new calves onto farms, and cattle age and whether visiting dairy farmers have access to the cow shed. Cows had higher odds of having BVDV antibodies compared to heifers. Factors associated with co-infection included cow parity, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and goats, and introducing new milking cows into the farms. Antibody and antigen results may be partly a function of classical swine fever virus or border disease virus interactions. Farmer education on these biosecurity measures is recommended, along with introduction of BVDV vaccination.

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“…1 In Ethiopia, N. caninum antibody was detected in dairy cattle in urban, peri-urban, and commercial production systems. 18,26,30 Asmare et al reported a seroprevalence ranging from 13.3% to 23.8% in dairy cattle of selected milk shed areas in Ethiopia, [12][13][14] and it was identified as the leading cause of abortion followed by bovine viral diarrhea virus and Brucella species in dairy cattle of urban and peri-urban smallholder production systems in Ethiopia. 13 However, data on the epidemiology and potential risk factors of N. caninum in pastoral cattle production settings were uncovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum in Cattle of Pastoral Production System in Teltelle District of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Tache¹,

Getachew²,

Negussie³

2022

VMRR

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Background Neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in smallholder dairy farms in Ethiopia. However, its status and impact in pastoral cattle production settings were uncovered. This study was performed with the aims of estimating the seroprevalence and associated potential risk factors for Neospora caninum in Boran cattle in Teltelle district of Borana zone, Ethiopia. Methods 180 blood samples were collected from 48 randomly selected pastoral herds using a multistage sampling technique and subjected to an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test to detect antibodies specific to N. caninum . A questionnaire survey was also used to identify the potential risk factors of N. caninum in the study area. Evaluation of the associated risk factors was conducted using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Antibodies against N. caninum exposure were detected in 5% of cattle (95% CI: 1.816–8.184) from 180 animals tested. Similarly, the seroprevalence of N. caninum in herds with at least one positive animal was 14.6% (95% CI: 4.598–24.567) from 48 herds examined. A multivariable logistic regression model identified the following as significant risk factors: a history of abortion (AOR = 23; 95% CI: 2.354–188.702; P = 0.006), dystocia (AOR = 11; 95% CI = 22.275–55.860; P = 0.003), wells water sources (AOR = 9; 95% CI: 1.599–47.568; P = 0.012), and dogs fed with raw animal products (AOR = 6; 95% CI: 11.213–27.222; P = 0.028). Conclusion This study revealed the first serological evidence of N. caninum exposure in cattle reared under pastoral production system. Our findings suggest N. caninum is likely to be an important cause of abortion and dystocia in cattle in Ethiopia. Management practices, such as provision of hygienic water and restriction of dogs fed with raw animal products, are likely to reduce the risk of infection. Thus, maximizing community awareness about these disease management practices is suggested.

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Seroprevalence of canine neosporosis and bovine viral diarrhoea in dairy cattle in selected regions of Kenya

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Investigation of The Association Between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Neospora caninum as a Cause of Abortion in Cattle

Investigation of The Association Between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Neospora caninum as a Cause of Abortion in Cattle

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in smallholder dairy cattle in Kenya

Seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum in Cattle of Pastoral Production System in Teltelle District of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia

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