Serological Survey of Viral Antibodies in Llamas (<i>Lama glama</i>) in Argentina

Puntel, Mariana; Fondevila, Norberto; Viera, J. Blanco; O’Donnell, Vivian; Marcovecchio, J. F.; Carrillo, B. J.; Schudel, Alejandro A.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0450.1999.00215.x

Cited by 47 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In a serological survey conducted in Peru, involving 117 alpacas that grazed with cattle and sheep, the prevalence of antibodies to BVDV was 11% (Rivera et al, 1987) and Picton (1993) reported a prevalence of 4.4% in 270 llamas from Oregon in the USA. A study by Puntel et al (1999) found 2.05% (8/390) reactors to the BVDV in Science Publications AJV llamas, from nine farms located in three different provinces in Argentina.…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Viral Diarrhea-an Emerging Disease in Camelids a Review

Wernery¹

2012

American Journal of Virology

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Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is an emerging disease in both New World Camelids (NWCs) and Old World Camelids (OWCs). The virus has been isolated from NWCs particularly in alpacas and dromedaries, but there are no reports of BVD in Bactrians. BVD is an important infectious disease. Both sub-genotypes 1a, 1b and genotype 2 have been isolated from NWCs but the ncp BVDV 1b is primarily implicated in cases of BVD in NWCs. A BVD strain unique to camelids has not yet been isolated. In NWCs virtually all infections have been caused by the non-cytopathic (ncp) BVDV, Persistently infected crias have also been detected. Llamas and alpacas demonstrate clinical signs such as ill thrift, diarrhea, respiratory ailments and abortions. As in bovines, identification and elimination of PI animals, has the highest priority to avoid infection of the entire herd. BVD was also observed in dromedaries and interestingly, both genotypes of the Pestivirus, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, were isolated from dromedaries in Egypt. Both isolates revealed a cytopathic effect (cpe) and so far no ncp virus has been isolated from dromedaries. Also in dromedaries, BVD infections caused intrauterine death, stillbirth, weak calf syndrome with congenital deformities, neonatal respiratory disorders in young dromedary calves and acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in adult dromedaries. So far, no PI dromedaries have been described.

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Section: Clinical Signs and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Viral Diarrhea-an Emerging Disease in Camelids a Review

Wernery¹

2012

American Journal of Virology

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“…Mehrota 1973'te (18) mandalarda enterovirusun izolasyon ve karakterizasyonunu yapmış-tır. Enfeksiyonun varlığı serolojik olarak da birçok ülke-de bildirilmiştir (4,22,23).…”

Section: Tartışma Ve Sonuçunclassified

“…Nötralizan antikorlar insan, maymun, lama, kö-pek, koyun, keçi, sığır, tavşan ve kanatlılarda tespit edilmiş (17,21,22,27) olmasına rağmen, Tip 2 sadece evcil sığırlardan izole edilmiştir (4,21,25,29).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Türkiye’de mandalarda bovine enterovirus tip-1’in serolojik olarak araştırılması

Gür¹,

Akça²,

Burgu³

2006

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Özet: Bovine Enteroviruslar, erişkin hayvanlarda genellikle subklinik enfeksiyona neden olabilmesinin yanı sıra abort, infertilite ve neonatal ölümlere; genç hayvanlarda ve yenidoğanlarda ise gelişme geriliği, enteritis ve solunum sistemi enfeksiyonuna yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de 8 ilden toplam 355 yetişkin mandadan kan serum örneği alınarak, BEV Tip-1 spesifik antikorlar yönünden mikronötralizasyon testi ile kontrol edilmiştir. Dört ilde %21.4, %8.3, %2.8, %2.4 oranlarında seropozitiflik saptanmış, örneklenen populasyonun seropozitiflik oranı %3.9 (14/355) olarak bulunmuştur.Anahtar sözcükler: Enterovirus, manda, seroprevalans. Serological investigation of bovine enterovirus type-1 in buffaloes in TurkeySummary: Bovine Enteroviruses are generally leads to subclinical infection in adult animals beside abortion, infertility and neonatal death; growth retardation, enteritis and respiratory system disorders in young and newborn animals. In this study, blood sera samples were collected from 355 adult water buffaloes in 8 provinces, in Turkey and tested for BEV-1 specific antibody with microneutralization test. Seropositivity was detected as 21.4%, 8.3%, 2.4% and 2.4% in four different provinces, where as seropositivity rate of sampled population was detected as 3.9 % (14/355).

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“…Llama and camel are relatively healthy, although they can be infected with many pathogens [3,7,12,13,15,17], which infect cattle, sheep and horse. However, the roles of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα in bacterial infections are not well understood in Camelidae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Llama Inflammatory Cytokine mRNAs by Real-Time RT-PCR

Odbileg

Konnai

Usui

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We have developed a method by which llama cytokine mRNAs can be quantified using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of llama, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and cytokine profiles for interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α were quantified by real-time PCR. The expressions of mRNAs of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα were upregulated upon stimulation with LPS in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Incubation of PBMCs with 100 and 1,000 pg/ml of LPS for 3 to 6 hr resulted in the acceleration of the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. Here, we describe a highly sensitive and reproducible method to quantify the transcription of llama cytokine mRNAs by real-time RT-PCR with the double-stranded DNA-binding dye SYBR Green I. KEY WORDS: Llama, LPS, real-time RT-PCR.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(2): 195-198, 2005 The important roles of cytokines in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses are now clearly recognized [10]. Inflammatory cytokines are known as some of the immune mediators at inflammatory sites and appear to play an important role in the pathological processes of inflammatory lesions. IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα are multifunctional cytokines and known as activators of lymphocytes and macrophages [1,6]. The host response to gram-negative bacterial infections, mainly studied in mice, human beings and other mammals, includes production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key inducer of the inflammatory response following gram-negative infection [9].The llama belongs to the family Camelidae and they are specially suited to the harsh environment. Llama and camel are relatively healthy, although they can be infected with many pathogens [3,7,12,13,15,17], which infect cattle, sheep and horse. However, the roles of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα in bacterial infections are not well understood in Camelidae. Previously, we reported the cloning of several llama cytokines and these sequences are now available for the design of llama-specific primers [11 and Genebank databases]. The aim of the present study was to characterize the immune response in llama, experimentally induced with LPS, by quantification of cytokine mRNAs in the PBMCs using real-time PCR.PBMCs were purified by density gradient centrifugation on Percoll (Amersham-Pharmacia, UK) from heparinized venous blood of a healthy 3-year-old llama maintained in the experimental animal facility unit of our laboratory. PBMCs were cultured with two different concentrations of LPS (100 and 1,000 pg/ml) for three different incubation periods of early (3 and 6 hr), intermediate (12 and 24 hr) and late (48 and 72 hr). LPS derived from E. coli 055:B5, Bacto (Wako, Japan) was used for endotoxic bacterial stimulation. Total RNA was isolated from LPS-stimulated and control (without LPS) PBMCs using the...

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Serological Survey of Viral Antibodies in Llamas (Lama glama) in Argentina

Cited by 47 publications

References 8 publications

Bovine Viral Diarrhea-an Emerging Disease in Camelids a Review

Bovine Viral Diarrhea-an Emerging Disease in Camelids a Review

Türkiye’de mandalarda bovine enterovirus tip-1’in serolojik olarak araştırılması

Quantification of Llama Inflammatory Cytokine mRNAs by Real-Time RT-PCR

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