Serological survey of the influenza A virus in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds in 2011–2015

Abstract

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of swine influenza A virus (SIV) in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds.Material and MethodsSerum samples collected from 5,952 pigs, from 145 farrow-to-finish herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against H1N1, H1N1pdm09, H1N2, and H3N2 SIV subtypes using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Samples with HI titres equal or higher than 20 were considered positive.ResultsHI antibodies to at least one of the analysed SIV subtypes were detected in 129 (89%) herds and in 2,263 (38%) serum samples. Antibodies to multiple SIV subtypes were detected in 104 (71.7%) herds and in 996 (16.7%) serum samples. Concerning the seroprevalence rate, according to age category, the highest prevalence of the antibodies was detected in weaners, with regard to the H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, and in sows, with regard to the H1N1pdm09. The lowest seroprevalence for all evaluated SIV subtypes was detected in finishers.ConclusionThe study indicates that antibodies against single and multiple SIV subtypes are circulating in Polish farrow-to-finish herds and highlights the importance of conducting a molecular surveillance programme in future studies.

Genetic Diversity of Type A Influenza Viruses Found in Swine Herds in Northwestern Poland from 2017 to 2019: The One Health Perspective

“…There is evidence that the number of pigs in Poland, which are prone to the risk of mixed infections, may constitute a reservoir of potentially dangerous strains of influenza A virus, resulting from genetic reassortment. Our findings were supported by a study described in Czyzewska-Dors et al (2017) [29], where over 5900 samples from 145 farms in Poland were analyzed to assess the seroprevalence of swIAV in farrow-to-finish pig herds and in almost 18% of herds antibodies against all four major lineages (H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and H1N1pdm09) were detected [29].…”

“…Since the influenza pandemic in 2009, numerous cases of swine-to-human zoonotic influenza infections have been reported, as well as a growing number of swine infections with human strains of the virus [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. These findings highlight the importance of research in the field of influenza interhost relationships.…”

Relationships between pig farm management and facilities and lung lesions' scores and between lung lesions scores and carcass characteristics

“…In contrast, the farm-level adoption of pleuropneumonia vaccination (4.5%) was low and was similar to previously published data from Polish pig herds (6.1%) [ 27 ]. Analyses performed in 2015 showed that none of 140 farms surveyed used anti-influenza immunoprophylaxis [ 28 ], while in the current study, the percentage of farms using vaccination against swine influenza was 45.5%. In the present study 10 herds used PRRS vaccines for sows, (45.5%).…”

A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide

“…Soon after, five avian-like H1N1 viruses were reported from the swine lung tissues during 2011-2013 [228]. Later a serological surveillance identified 1212 H1N1, 851 H1N2, 1012 H3N2, and 572 A(H1N1)pdm09 virus antibodies in swine during March 2011-February 2015 [229]. Surprisingly, 34 of these swine had antibodies against all four IAV subtypes i.e., H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses [229] suggesting the past co-infections.…”