Serological screening suggests single SARS-CoV-2 spillover events to cattle

Wernike, Kerstin; Boettcher, J.; Amelung, Silke; Albrecht, Kerstin; Gaertner, Tanja; Donat, Karsten; Beer, Martin

doi:10.1101/2022.01.17.476608

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Eighteen of 20 sera scored positive (corrected OD ≥ 0.3; Figure 3 ). As SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific controls, a serum sample obtained from a cattle after experimental SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (Ulrich et al., 2020 ) and a bovine serum taken after natural infection (Wernike et al., 2022 ) were analysed, and both samples tested positive in the SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD ELISA but, in contrast to the wildlife samples, negative against SARS‐CoV‐1 (Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eighteen of 20 sera scored positive (corrected OD ≥ 0.3; Figure 3). As SARS-CoV-2-specific controls, a serum sample obtained from a cattle after experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection (Ulrich et al, 2020) and a bovine serum taken after natural infection (Wernike et al, 2022) were analysed, and both samples tested positive in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD ELISA but, in contrast to the wildlife samples, negative against SARS-CoV-1 (Figure 3). Serological investigations of wildlife animals represent a cornerstone of disease surveillance (Michel et al, 2021), especially when virus shedding is only transient and the timeframe unknown, since antibodies remain detectable for longer periods.…”

Section: Evidence For the Presence Of A Coronavirus Of The Sarbecovir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological screening in wild ruminants in Germany, 2021/2022: No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2, bluetongue virus or pestivirus spread but high seroprevalences against Schmallenberg virus

Wernike

Fischer

Holsteg³

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Wildlife animals may be susceptible to multiple infectious agents of public health or veterinary relevance, thereby potentially forming a reservoir that bears the constant risk of re‐introduction into the human or livestock population. Here, we serologically investigated 493 wild ruminant samples collected in the 2021/2022 hunting season in Germany for the presence of antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and four viruses pathogenic to domestic ruminants, namely, the orthobunyavirus Schmallenberg virus (SBV), the reovirus bluetongue virus (BTV) and ruminant pestiviruses like bovine viral diarrhoea virus or border disease virus. The animal species comprised fallow deer, red deer, roe deer, mouflon and wisent. For coronavirus serology, additional 307 fallow, roe and red deer samples collected between 2017 and 2020 at three military training areas were included. While antibodies against SBV could be detected in about 13.6% of the samples collected in 2021/2022, only one fallow deer of unknown age tested positive for anti‐BTV antibodies, and all samples reacted negative for antibodies against ruminant pestiviruses. In an ELISA based on the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2, 25 out of 493 (5.1%) samples collected in autumn and winter 2021/2022 scored positive. This sero‐reactivity could not be confirmed by the highly specific virus neutralisation test, occurred also in 2017, 2018 and 2019, that is, prior to the human SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, and was likewise observed against the RBD of the related SARS‐CoV‐1. Therefore, the SARS‐CoV‐2 sero‐reactivity was most likely induced by another hitherto unknown deer virus belonging to the subgenus Sarbecovirus of betacoronaviruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For the Presence Of A Coronavirus Of The Sarbecovir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological screening in wild ruminants in Germany, 2021/2022: No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2, bluetongue virus or pestivirus spread but high seroprevalences against Schmallenberg virus

Wernike

Fischer

Holsteg³

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

Self Cite

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“…18 of 20 sera scored positive (corrected OD ≥0.3) (Figure 3). As SARS-CoV-2-specific controls, a serum sample obtained from a cattle after experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection [35] and a bovine serum taken after natural infection [38] were analysed and both samples tested positive in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD ELISA but, in contrast to the wildlife samples, negative against SARS-CoV-1 (Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further investigate whether the reactivity against the SARS-CoV-2-RBD could be induced by antibodies against a hitherto unknown deer coronavirus of the Sarbecovirus subgenus, the reactive samples of the panel collected between 2017 and 2020 at the military training areas were additionally tested by an indirect ELISA against the RBD of SARS-CoV-1. 18 of controls, a serum sample obtained from a cattle after experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection [35] and a bovine serum taken after natural infection [38] were analysed and both samples tested positive in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD ELISA but, in contrast to the wildlife samples, negative against SARS-CoV-1 (Figure 3).…”

Section: Evidence For the Presence Of A Coronavirus Of The Sarbecovir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural SARS-CoV-2 infections linked to human exposure have been reported in American mink, ferrets, felines, canines and primates [34]. For domestic ruminants such as cattle, goat and sheep a very low susceptibly was demonstrated during experimental infection studies [35][36][37], and natural infections of cattle also seem to be a rare event [38]. However, SARS-CoV-2 or specific antibodies were detected frequently in freeranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in North America [29][30][31], but it remains unclear how these deer acquired the virus from humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological screening in wild ruminants in Germany, 2021/22: No evidence of SARS-CoV-2, bluetongue virus or pestivirus spread but high seroprevalences against Schmallenberg virus

Wernike

Fischer²,

Holsteg³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Wildlife animals may be susceptible for multiple infectious agents of public health or veterinary relevance, thereby potentially forming a reservoir that bears the constant risk of re-introduction into the human or livestock population. Here, we serologically investigated 493 wild ruminant samples collected in the 2021/22 hunting season in Germany for the presence of antibodies against the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and four viruses pathogenic for domestic ruminants, namely the orthobunyavirus Schmallenberg virus (SBV), the reovirus bluetongue virus (BTV) and ruminant pestiviruses like bovine viral diarrhoea virus or border disease virus. The animal species comprised fallow deer, red deer, roe deer, mouflon and wisent. For coronavirus serology, additional 307 fallow, roe and red deer samples collected between 2017 and 2020 at three military training areas were included. While antibodies against SBV could be detected in about 13.6% of the samples collected in 2021/22, only one fallow deer of unknown age tested positive for anti-BTV antibodies and all samples reacted negative for antibodies against ruminant pestiviruses. In an ELISA based on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, 25 out of 493 (5.1%) samples collected in autumn and winter 2021/22 scored positive. This sero-reactivity could not be confirmed by the highly specific virus neutralization test, occurred also in 2017, 2018 and 2019, i.e. prior to the human SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and was likewise observed against the RBD of the related SARS-CoV-1. Therefore, the SARS-CoV-2-seroreactivity was most likely induced by another, hitherto unknown deer virus belonging to the subgenus Sarbecovirus of betacoronaviruses.

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Using drivers and transmission pathways to identify SARS-like coronavirus spillover risk hotspots

Muylaert,

Wilkinson,

Kingston

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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The emergence of SARS-like coronaviruses is a multi-stage process from wildlife reservoirs to people. Here we characterize multiple drivers—landscape change, host distribution, and human exposure—associated with the risk of spillover of zoonotic SARS-like coronaviruses to help inform surveillance and mitigation activities. We consider direct and indirect transmission pathways by modeling four scenarios with livestock and mammalian wildlife as potential and known reservoirs before examining how access to healthcare varies within clusters and scenarios. We found 19 clusters with differing risk factor contributions within a single country (N = 9) or transboundary (N = 10). High-risk areas were mainly closer (11-20%) rather than far ( < 1%) from healthcare. Areas far from healthcare reveal healthcare access inequalities, especially Scenario 3, which includes wild mammals and not livestock as secondary hosts. China (N = 2) and Indonesia (N = 1) had clusters with the highest risk. Our findings can help stakeholders in land use planning, integrating healthcare implementation and One Health actions.

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Serological screening suggests single SARS-CoV-2 spillover events to cattle

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Serological screening in wild ruminants in Germany, 2021/2022: No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2, bluetongue virus or pestivirus spread but high seroprevalences against Schmallenberg virus

Serological screening in wild ruminants in Germany, 2021/2022: No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2, bluetongue virus or pestivirus spread but high seroprevalences against Schmallenberg virus

Serological screening in wild ruminants in Germany, 2021/22: No evidence of SARS-CoV-2, bluetongue virus or pestivirus spread but high seroprevalences against Schmallenberg virus

Using drivers and transmission pathways to identify SARS-like coronavirus spillover risk hotspots

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