Serological screening and toxoplasmosis exposure factors among pregnant women in South of Brazil

Spalding, Silvia Maria; Amendoeira, Maria Regina Reis; Klein, Carlos Henrique; Ribeiro, Luis Carlos

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822005000200009

Cited by 96 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Most mothers presented high avidity antibodies or false positive results, which has been observed in similar studies (SPALDING et al, 2005). Following a positive test, these patients are usually grouped in the There was good agreement between whole extract serology and rROP2 ELISA in our sample of pregnant women screened for Tg IgM serology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Serology using rROP2 antigen in the diagnostic of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women

Macre

Pires

Meireles

et al. 2009

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii causes severe fetal disease during acute infection in pregnant women, thus demanding early diagnosis for effective treatment and fetus preservation. Fetal tests are inefficient and risky, and diagnosis is based on maternal IgM serology, which had weak screening ability due to increased sensitivity, with alternative IgG avidity tests. Here, we performed ELISA and avidity assays using a recombinant T. gondii antigen, rROP2, in samples from 160 pregnant women screened from a large public hospital who were referred due to positive IgM assays. IgG serology and avidity assays were compared using whole T. gondii extract or rROP2. ELISA IgG detection with rROP2 showed good agreement with assays performed with T. gondii extract, but rROP2 IgG avidity assays were unrelated to whole extract antigen IgG avidity, regardless of the chaotrope used. These data show that avidity maturation is specific to individual antigen prevalence and immune response during infection. ELISA rROP2 IgG assays may be an alternative serological test for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, although our data do not support their use in avidity assays.

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“…SPALDING et al (2005) 55 assessed pregnant women in the region of Alto Uruguai, Rio Grande do Sul, and verified that contact with the soil was the most important factor analyzed in the study. NASH et al (2005) 45 , in a study with pregnant women in Kent in the United Kingdom, did not find an association between infection and gardening but observed lower prevalence in the group that used gloves when handling the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Factors associated to infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in the city of Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil

Dias

Lopes-Mori²,

Mitsuka-Breganó³

et al. 2011

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the factors associated to the infection in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil. The sample was divided in two groups: group I (320 pregnant women who were analyzed from July 2007 to February 2008) and group II (287 pregnant women who were analyzed from March to October 2008). In group I, it was found 53.1% of pregnant women with IgG reactive and IgM nonreactive, 1.9% with IgG and IgM reactive, 0.3% with IgG non-reactive and IgM reactive and 44.7% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. In group II, it was found 55.1% with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive and 44.9% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. The variables associated to the presence of IgG antibodies were: residence in rural areas, pregnant women between 35-40 years old, low educational level, low family income, more than one pregnancy, drinking water which does not originate from the public water supply system and the habit of handling soil or sand. Guidance on primary prevention measures and the quarterly serological monitoring of the pregnant women in the risk group are important measures to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.

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“…Recent seroepidemiological surveys performed in different segments of the Brazilian population revealed infection rates ranging from 32.4 to 74.5%, depending on the age, with highest values occurring in adults 3,16,17,18 . In other countries high rates of human infection with T. gondii can also be found 1,6,8,11,15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nephrotic syndrome associated with toxoplasmosis: report of seven cases

Toporovski¹,

Romano²,

Hartmann³

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe concomitance of nephrotic syndrome and acute infection by Toxoplasma gondii is a rare occurrence in humans. In this paper seven cases of children, ranging from 11 months to 7 year-old, with concomitant nephrotic syndrome and asymptomatic acute T. gondii infection are reported. In one of those patients only the administration of anti-Toxoplasma therapy was enough to control the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease. In the other patients it was necessary to introduce corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant drugs. Three patients had complete clinical and laboratory improvement and the remaining showed only a partial response.

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“…Contact with contaminated soil or animals, ingestion of non-commercially preserved food, living in rural areas, and ingestion of raw water are factors that contribute to infection. 19 There were differences in the number of subjects studied for the several variables analyzed because of the difficulty in obtaining information from records and locating them for interviews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women

2007

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OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of reagent serology for suspected acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and to describe clinical, laboratory and therapeutic profiles of mothers and their children. METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted with IgM-anti-Toxoplasma gondiireagent pregnant women and their children who attended the public health system in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil, from January 2001 to December 2003. Information were obtained from clinical, laboratory (ELISA IgM/IgG) and ultrasonographic data and from interviews with the mothers. To test the homogeneity of the IgM indices in relation to the treatment used, the Pearson's Chi-square test was applied. Comparisons were considered significant at a 5% level. RESULTS:Two hundred and ninety (1.0%) cases of suspected IgM-reagent infection were documented, with a prevalence of 10.7 IgM-reagent women per 1,000 births. Prenatal care started within the first 12 weeks for 214/290; 146/204 were asymptomatic. Frequent complaints included headaches, visual disturbance and myalgia. Ultrasonography revealed abnormalities in 13 of 204 pregnancies. Chemoprophylaxis was administered to 112/227; a single ELISA test supported most decisions to begin treatment. Pregnant women with IgM indices =2.000 tended to be treated more often. Among exposed children, 44/208 were serologically followed up and all were IgGreagent, and three IgM-reagent cases showed clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:The existence of pregnant women with laboratorially suspected acute toxoplasmosis who were not properly followed up, and of fetuses that were not adequately monitored, shows that basic aspects of the prenatal care are not being systematically observed. There is need of implementing a surveillance system of pregnant women and their children exposed to T. gondii. CONCLUSÕES: A existência de gestantes com suspeita laboratorial de toxoplasmose aguda não devidamente investigada e de conceptos sem monitoração adequada evidenciam que aspectos fundamentais da assistência pré-natal não estão sendo sistematicamente observados. Aponta-se a necessidade de implementar o sistema de vigilância para gestantes e crianças expostas ao T. gondii.28 Rev Saúde Pública 2007;41(1):27-34 Suspected acute toxoplasmosis in pregnancy Castilho-Pelloso MP et al Para testar a homogeneidade dos indices de IgM em relação ao tratamento usado, aplicou

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“…A similar situation is observed in Brazil, which is a large country with different social and environmental profi les. For example, it has been demonstrated that contact with the soil constitutes the most important risk factor associated with T. gondii infection in the Southern region of Brazil (15) . In contrast, the direct contact with cats was shown to be highly associated with T. gondii infection in humans residing in the northeast region (10) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women from the State of Tocantins, Northern Brazil

Rocha¹,

Lopes

Ramos

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The prevalence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pregnant women in Tocantins, Northern Brazil were assessed. Methods: Serological analysis was performed in 338 serum samples and an oral questionnaire was utilized to identify potential risk factors. Results: Anti-IgG antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 71% (240/338) of the pregnant women. Prior contact with cats and meat handling were found to be associated with T. gondii infection. Conclusions: A considerable percentage (29%) of women living in the Tocantins area remain susceptible to infection by the T. gondii protozoon, representing a serious public health risk.

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Serological screening and toxoplasmosis exposure factors among pregnant women in South of Brazil

Abstract: Serological screening and evaluation of exposure factors for

Cited by 96 publications

References 24 publications

Serology using rROP2 antigen in the diagnostic of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women

Factors associated to infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in the city of Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil

Nephrotic syndrome associated with toxoplasmosis: report of seven cases

Suspected acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women

Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women from the State of Tocantins, Northern Brazil

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