Serological response and protection level evaluation in chickens exposed to grains coated with I2 Newcastle disease virus for effective oral vaccination of village chickens

Abstract

BackgroundConventional Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination strategies in village chicken production settings is impractical due to shortage of cold-chain, unsuitability of vaccine administration routes and demanding trained personnel and hence affected its adoption. Results from earlier works elsewhere showed that the heat stable vaccines such as NDI2 are thought to be promising for village chickens. This study investigated the suitability and efficacy of Ethiopian cereal grains as carriers for the orally administrated NDI2 vaccine in chickens.ResultsOf the 15 treatment groups, drinking water, cracked maize and parboiled barley induced significantly higher HI antibody titer than the other carrier grains and naive control. The higher mean HI titer of chickens in drinking-water, cracked maize and parboiled barley group resulted in 100 % survival rate. In general, there was an inverse relationship between chicken mortality (%) and mean HI titer. Chickens with higher HI antibody titers had better survival rate to the challenge experiment. Booster vaccination at age of day 35 and 105 induced progressively higher HI antibodies titers in all treatment groups.ConclusionsVaccine coated parboiled grains could be a good carrier followed by cracked grains while untreated vaccine carrier grains had lower serological responses and protection levels. The current finding gives insights on suitable vaccine delivery system in villages with weak health and transportation infrastructure, unreliable electricity, and minimally trained health workers without catching chickens individually.

Overdose Administration of Thermostable Newcastle Disease Vaccines to Naïve Unvaccinated 6 Weeks Old Cockerels at NVRI, Vom Plateau state, Nigeria

“…This finding is equally in agreement with the finding of Wambura et al [13] where it was suggested that NDVI-2 vaccine can confer protection for up to 8 weeks. Thus, as observed by Abdi et al [22] it is recommended that repeated vaccinations induces progressively higher HI antibody titers that could correspond to high levels of protection; though repeated administration was not studied, our finding suggest a repeat administration of NDVI-2 vaccine between week 6 and week 8 postvaccination. Current conventional vaccination programs for ND virus include the use of either low-virulent live-virus vaccines or inactivated vaccines to induce protective immunity while producing minimal adverse effects in birds [23].…”

Newcastle disease and its different applicable control options in poultry in Ethiopia

“…These are the ways that enable to reduce or limit the contact of susceptible chicken with the virus by doing so it limits the spread of the disease (Abdi et al, 2016). The implementation of these measures largely depends on the degree of awareness of the personnel involved and facilities available.…”

“…Currently, in Ethiopia, four types of ND vaccine (HB1, Lasota, thermostable and IOE ND vaccine) have been produced. Although the conventional vaccines locally produced are effective to control Newcastle disease under commercial farms, they require cold chain from their production up to the administration to individual birds and handing of each bird, these, therefore limit their extensively use in village chicken (Abdi et al, 2016;Terfa et al, 2018). It should be also noted conventional vaccine application to individual birds mainly via the ocular or oral route, whereas the inactive type of vaccine is given through injection to individual birds, sub-cut is at the back of the neck or intramuscularly in the breast muscle (Mustafa and Ali, 2005).…”

“…The problem with controlling ND in village chickens are multiple age group of flock scattered over extremely large areas, lack of physical separation over the unconfined flock, frequent introduction of young susceptible chicken to the group, poor nutrition, poor marketing and transporting facilities and lack of education to farmers (Nasser et al, 2000). On the other hand, lack of cold chain and difficultly in catching these birds result in difficultly in use of conventional vaccination program in village chicken against Newcastle disease (Abdi et al, 2016). However, the development of thermo-stable-12 vaccines and its application through feed based show a bright future to control ND in village chickens (Terfa et al, 2018).…”

Erratum to: Serological response and protection level evaluation in chickens exposed to grains coated with I2 Newcastle disease virus for effective oral vaccination of village chickens

“…The original article [1] contains an error in the author list that was carried forward by the production team handling this article.…”