Serological Profile of Hepatitis B in Children after the Introduction of Its Vaccination in Burkina Faso

Barro, Makoura; Valéa, Diane; Ouermi, Saga Alain; Sessouma, Sanata; Sanogo, Bintou; Ouattara, Ibrahim Ad Bafa; Ouédraogo, Abdoul Salam; Nacro, Boubacar; Moyen, G.

doi:10.4081/pr.2019.8248

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Peak anti-HBs concentration achieved after primary vaccination and age-dependent decay in anti-HBs titers play key roles in protection against infection [16]. Breakthrough infection rates stood at 2.3% in our study population, mimicking findings from Ghana and Burkina Faso [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Long-Term Hepatitis B Vaccine Immunity in Ethiopian Children That Received a Pentavalent Vaccine Series: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Alemayehu,

Daba,

Buonsenso

2024

Children

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Background: Chronic hepatitis B affects close to 300 million people globally with 1.5 million new infections per year. It causes the highest numbers of cirrhosis and liver cancer diagnoses each year. In children, perinatal transmission and contact with infected blood or body fluids remain the main methods of transmission. There are increasing reports of breakthrough hepatitis B infections in fully vaccinated children born to hepatitis B-negative mothers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Our study aimed to measure the adequacy of hepatitis B surface antibody levels among children and adolescents who received three rounds of hepatitis B vaccination during infancy and delivered to hepatitis B-negative mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing results of paired serology tests for hepatitis B surface antibody and antigen tests performed for children aged 1–18 years from July 2022 to June 2023. All recorded data were transferred to SPSS version 29.0. The prevalence of adequate hepatitis B surface antibody levels was determined and sub-group analysis conducted using descriptive statistics, frequencies and tables. The magnitude of association between different variables and vaccine-induced hepatitis B immunity was assessed using logistic regression. Statistically significant differences were taken at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 256 children were included in the study (mean age: 7.53 years). Six children (2.3%) had breakthrough hepatitis B infections. Overall, 37 children (14.4%) were categorized as having optimal hepatitis B surface antibody levels (vaccine-induced antibody titers of >10 IU/mL), while 219 (85.6%) had low titers of <10 IU/mL. Nearly all (97.4%) of the sub-group aged 10 years and above had below-par antibody levels, with adolescents (11–18 years) being ten times more likely to have low seroprotection than those aged less than 5 years. Conclusions: Our study showed markedly low vaccine-induced hepatitis B surface antibody levels among the study population, especially adolescents. The presence of breakthrough infections may suggest a genuine lack of response and not just a mere drop in antibody titers and thus could highlight a significant public health problem in Ethiopia. Further immunologic studies and a thorough analysis of vaccine storage and administration should be conducted to inform prevention programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Long-Term Hepatitis B Vaccine Immunity in Ethiopian Children That Received a Pentavalent Vaccine Series: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Alemayehu,

Daba,

Buonsenso

2024

Children

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“…10 Children born to HBV-infected mothers often become chronic carriers of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). 11 – 13 In West Africa, hepatitis B is a main contributor to cirrhosis and liver cancer, with about 2 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to viral hepatitis. 14 However, a low proportion of HBV-infected people, estimated to be 0.3% in 2015, has been diagnosed in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Hepatitis B in partners and children of women positive for surface antigen, Burkina Faso

Guingané¹,

Kaboré²,

Shimakawa³

et al. 2022

Bull World Health Organ

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“…The quality of the studies varied between countries, as well as within the same country. Studies showed that protective levels of HbsAb antibodies decrease with age after vaccine introduction [30,43]; however, most of the studies included in this review did not report prevalence by age group.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Hepatitis B Virus in West African Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of HIV and Other Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Infection

Fofana

Somboro

Maiga

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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While Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are endemic in West Africa, the prevalence of HBV/HIV coinfection and their associated risk factors in children remains unclear. In this review, we sought to assess HBsAg seroprevalence among 0- to 16-year-olds with and without HIV in West African countries and the risk factors associated with HBV infection in this population. Research articles between 2000 and 2021 that reported the prevalence of HBV and associated risk factors in children in West Africa were retrieved from the literature using the Africa Journals Online (AJOL), PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases as search tools. StatsDirect, a statistical software, was used to perform a meta-analysis of the retained studies. HBV prevalence and heterogeneity were then assessed with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test. Twenty-seven articles conducted across seven West African countries were included in this review. HBV prevalence among persons aged 0 to 16 years was 5%, based on the random analysis, given the great heterogeneity of the studies. By country, the highest prevalence was observed in Benin (10%), followed by Nigeria (7%), and Ivory Coast (5%), with Togo (1%) having the lowest. HBV prevalence in an HIV-infected population of children was (9%). Vaccinated children had lower HBV prevalence (2%) than unvaccinated children (6%). HBV prevalence with a defined risk factor such as HIV co-infection, maternal HBsAg positivity, undergoing surgery, scarification, or being unvaccinated ranged from 3–9%. The study highlights the need to reinforce vaccination of newborns, screening for HBV, and HBV prophylaxis among pregnant women in Africa, particularly in West Africa, to achieve the WHO goal of HBV elimination, particularly in children.

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Serological Profile of Hepatitis B in Children after the Introduction of Its Vaccination in Burkina Faso

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Long-Term Hepatitis B Vaccine Immunity in Ethiopian Children That Received a Pentavalent Vaccine Series: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Long-Term Hepatitis B Vaccine Immunity in Ethiopian Children That Received a Pentavalent Vaccine Series: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Screening for Hepatitis B in partners and children of women positive for surface antigen, Burkina Faso

Hepatitis B Virus in West African Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of HIV and Other Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Infection

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