Serological Evidence for Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Laboratory Monkeys and Pigs in Animal Facilities in Japan

Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Li, Tiancheng; Koshimoto, Chihiro; Ito, Kaori; Kita, Masakazu; Miyashita, Nobumoto; Arikawa, Jiro; Yagami, Ken‐ichi; Asano, Masahide; Tezuka, Hiroyasu; Suzuki, Noboru; Kurosawa, Tsutomu; Shibahara, Toshiyuki; Furuya, Masato; Mohri, Satoshi; Sato, Hiroshi; Ohsawa, Kazutaka; Ibuki, Kazuyasu; Takeda, Naokazu

doi:10.1538/expanim.57.367

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We cannot explain the negative HEV serologic results for these persons. This finding could be attributed to early infection, transient intestinal virus passage, or low accuracy of assays used ( 14 ). Apparent limited illness associated with HEV infection in humans may be caused by attenuated virulence of genotype 3 strains ( 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Humans and Swine, Bolivia

Dell’Amico¹

2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Humans and Swine, Bolivia

Dell’Amico¹

2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…To amplify the partial gene of ORF2, RT-PCR was carried out with primers HEV-F1 (59-TAY CGH AAY CAA GGH TGG CG-39) and HEV-R2 (59-TGY TGG TTR TCR TAR TCC TG-39) using a One Step RT-PCR kit (Qiagen). Nested PCR was performed with the internal primers HEV-F2 (59-GGB GTB GCN GAG GAG GAG GC-39) and HEV-R1 (59-CGA CGA AAT YAA TTC TGT CG-39) using a KOD-Plus-Ver.2 (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan) (Yamamoto et al 2008). The amplified PCR products were extracted from the gel using a QIAEX II Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen).…”

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confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

Hara

Terada

Yonemitsu

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a food-and water-borne disease in humans, and Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) meat is one of the most important sources of infection in Japan. We tested 113 serum samples from wild boar captured in Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan from 2010 to 2012. Serum samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using virus-like particles as antigen and nested reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 47 of the 113 wild boar serum samples (42%), and HEV RNA was detected in five samples (4%). Sequence analysis showed that the five HEV isolates belonged to genotype 4, forming a cluster with a previous isolate from a human hepatitis E case in this region in 2011. These results indicate that wild boar in this region are infected with potentially pathogenic HEV at a high prevalence.

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“…These include rodents (1,10,12,14,25,27,28,51,60,64), cats (31,35,41,43), dogs (1,35,41,60,71), horses (14,16,49,71), donkeys (14), goats (14,16,45,52,71), sheep (5,45,61,66,68), cattle (1,5,14,21,60,63,71), rabbits (16,17), nonhuman primates (46,67), mongooses (34,42), chickens (18,23,52,60,71), ducks …”

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confidence: 99%

Restricted Enzooticity of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States

et al. 2011

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Hepatitis E is recognized as a zoonosis, and swine are known reservoirs, but how broadly enzootic its causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), is remains controversial. To determine the prevalence of HEV infection in animals, a serological assay with capability to detect anti-HEV-antibody across a wide variety of animal species was devised. Recombinant antigens comprising truncated capsid proteins generated from HEV-subgenomic constructs that represent all four viral genotypes were used to capture anti-HEV in the test sample and as an analyte reporter. To facilitate development and validation of the assay, serum samples were assembled from blood donors (n ‫؍‬ 372), acute hepatitis E patients (n ‫؍‬ 94), five laboratory animals (rhesus monkey, pig, New Zealand rabbit, Wistar rat, and BALB/c mouse) immunized with HEV antigens, and four pigs experimentally infected with HEV. The assay was then applied to 4,936 sera collected from 35 genera of animals that were wild, feral, domesticated, or otherwise held captive in the United States. Test positivity was determined in 457 samples (9.3%). These originated from: bison (3/65, 4.6%), cattle (174/1,156, 15%), dogs (2/212, 0.9%), Norway rats (2/318, 0.6%), farmed swine (267/648, 41.2%), and feral swine (9/306, 2.9%). Only the porcine samples yielded the highest reactivities. HEV RNA was amplified from one farmed pig and two feral pigs and characterized by nucleotide sequencing to belong to genotype 3. HEV infected farmed swine primarily, and the role of other animals as reservoirs of its zoonotic spread appears to be limited.Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Hepeviridae family (11). Among the mammalian HEV, at least four genotypes have been recognized (47). In addition, two putative genotypes of HEV, one genotype from the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) (25) and the other from a wild boar (56), were recently reported. In addition to mammalian HEV strains, avian HEV (38) and the newly described cutthroat trout virus represent new genera (3). Among mammalian HEV, genotypes 1 and 2 are primarily associated with fecal-oral transmission among humans which in developing countries can lead to waterborne epidemics of jaundice. Genotypes 3 and 4 circulate in humans and several animal species, and are associated with sporadic infection among humans in industrialized countries (57). Hepatitis E is mostly self-limiting but can progress to fulminant liver failure especially in pregnant women, and chronic HEV infection resulting in cirrhosis has been observed among solid-organ-transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed people (32).HEV infection and hepatitis E in industrialized countries, including the United States, are more common than previously recognized (33,58). A study conducted in a large civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population found an average anti-HEV-IgG seroprevalence rate of 21%, with a strongly positive

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Serological Evidence for Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Laboratory Monkeys and Pigs in Animal Facilities in Japan

Abstract: In laboratory animal facilities, monkeys and pigs are used for animal experiments, but the details of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in these animals

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Humans and Swine, Bolivia

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 in Humans and Swine, Bolivia

High Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

Restricted Enzooticity of Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes 1 to 4 in the United States

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