Serological evaluation of an influenza A virus cold-adapted reassortant live vaccine, CR-37 (H1N1), in Japanese adult volunteers

Abstract

SUMMARYA cold-adapted influenza A virus, CR-37 (HINI), derived from genetic reassortment between A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted variant virus and A/California/10/78 (HINI) wild-type virus, was tested in Japanese adult volunteers. The CR-37 live virus preparation induced only low-grade clinical reactions in volunteers for the first 3-4 days after inoculation. Two vaccinees who did not show any antibody changes became febrile (over 38-0 TC). Skin tests using the vaccine preparation and uninfected allantoic fluid were performed, and indicated that one of these two vaccinees was positive for the CR-37 vaccine preparation. A high proportion of the vaccinees whose sera had a haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titre against the vaccine strain of < 64 before inoculation, seroconverted in both HI and neuraminidase-inhibition (NAI) antibody titrations, and only a few seroconverted in the titration of antibody against type-specific internal antigens. The serological examinations against heterotypic HINI variants indicated that the cold-adapted live influenza virus vaccine could induce a broad spectrum of HI antibody reactivity and immunity of long duration.

Serological examination of IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to egg protein during influenza virus immunization

“…The results indicated that 7 of 22 vaccinees who were confirmed to be allergic against egg by specific IgE antibody testing were also positive in the skin test, and that two vaccinees gave a history of allergic adverse reactions in the past to influenza immunizations. Also, we observed febrile reactions to two vaccinees who received a cold-adapted reassortant live influenza virus vaccine, one of whom was positive in a skin test to egg allantoic fluid (Yamane et al 1984). Although the number of vaccinees involved in the study was limited, and no significant adverse reactions became apparent during the study period, the results obtained suggest that there is a risk of allergic reaction among the vaccinees.…”

Passive Broad-Spectrum Influenza Immunoprophylaxis

“…Updated vaccines with strain matching are developed on an annual basis requiring seed virus preparation generated by either reassortment or reverse genetics for propagation in eggs or cultured cells [ 13 ]. Recombinant DNA plasmid-based and virus-like particle vaccines are alternative options [ 14 ] to currently licensed inactivated and live attenuated vaccines (cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive viruses) [ 15 ] and recombinant proteins [ 16 ]. Heterosubtypic immunity is conferred by a variety of experimental vaccines including extracellular domain matrix (M2) protein [ 17 ] and formalin-inactivated whole virus [ 18 ].…”