Attenuated influenza virus vaccines

Potter, C. W.

doi:10.1002/rmv.1980040406

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…A more solid immunity has been reported for live influenza virus vaccine [3]. The reasons for these differences are not known; however, the disappointing protection conferred by inactivated vaccine may be due to the relatively poor local (p = CO.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a measurable MHC class-1 CD8+ CTL response has been observed by others [8,9]. In contrast, a marked CTL response has been observed after live virus vaccine infection and this may be related to the more solid immunity seen following infection [3]. In earlier studies, subunit influenza A virus vaccine in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine was shown to give an enhanced serum IgG antibody response in mice, a broader IgG subclass antibody response and a more solid immunity against virus infection than that seen following immunisation with saline vaccines [ 10, 1 I].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The current available vaccines confer protection on only 60-90% of vaccinees, with a lower rate in the elderly population [ 1,2], but reduce hospitalisation in a higher percentage of persons. The failure of these inactivated vaccines to protect a greater percentage of vaccinees may be due to several factors, including virus variation, vaccine preparation in eggs, poor local antibody production and lack of cell-mediated responses [3]; the importance of these responses in immunity has been reported in numerous studies [4,5]. In particular, studies in mice and human subjects suggest that MHC class-I restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) may have a role in immunity to influenza [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of IL-2 and IFN- in BALB/c mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine

Tamizifar

Jennings

Ali

et al. 1997

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Splenocytes from mice immunised with two doses of subunit influenza A/Beijing/353/89 vaccine mixed with whole cell DTP (wDTP), acellular DTP (aDTP) or PBS were collected 7 and 10 days after the second immunisation, and re-stimulated with subunit influenza vaccine or live virus in vitro. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-? (IFN-y) were assayed in supernates from these cultures by an ELISA procedure. Splenocytes from mice given subunit influenza vaccine in wDTP produced greater than two-fold and greater than five-fold responses of IL-2 and IFN-y, respectively, compared with splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine alone. In contrast, the response of splenocytes from mice immunised with subunit vaccine in saline or aDTP was similar, significantly less than for vaccine in wDTP (p < 0.01) and only slightly greater than for controls (p < 0.05). The production of IL-2 and IFN-y by these spleen cells was not significantly different on days 7 and 10 post-immunisation. Previous reports have shown that wDTP and aDTP enhance the serum antibody response of mice to influenza vaccine, but wDTP enhanced the response 100-fold greater than aDTP, and induced greater IgG2a and IgG2b subclass antibody responses; this last result indicates a cell-mediated immune response to vaccine. The present studies confirm these earlier findings; furthermore, as the IL-2 and IFN-y responses of splenocytes are associated with Th-1 subset T-lymphocyte response, the findings indicate a cytotoxic T-cell response to immunisation. The results indicate that influenza vaccine combined with wDTP induced a cell-mediated response in mice, which could confer a more solid immunity to challenge virus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of IL-2 and IFN- in BALB/c mice immunised with subunit influenza A vaccine in combination with whole cell or acellular DTP vaccine

Tamizifar

Jennings

Ali

et al. 1997

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The most promising attenuated viruses for vaccine use are cold-adapted influenza virus strains. Intranasally administered, cold-adapted, live, attenuated influenza virus vaccines are currently being used in Russia and have been under development in the United States since the 1960s (130,233,255,276,307).…”

Section: Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold-adapted vaccine has been studied clinically as monovalent, bivalent, and trivalent formulations in a wide range of age and high-risk groups (130,307). The vaccine is given intranasally by spray and induces mild upper respiratory tract symptoms in about 10 to 15% of persons (45,141).…”

Section: Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Immunization in the United States: Developments over the Past Decade

Dennehy

2001

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified immunization as the most important public health advance of the 20th century. The purpose of this article is to review the changes that have taken place in active immunization in the United States over the past decade. Since 1990, new vaccines have become available to prevent five infectious diseases: varicella, rotavirus, hepatitis A, Lyme disease, and Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Improved vaccines have been developed to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus, pertussis, rabies, and typhoid infections. Immunization strategies for the prevention of hepatitis B, measles, meningococcal infections, and poliomyelitis have changed as a result of the changing epidemiology of these diseases. Combination vaccines are being developed to facilitate the delivery of multiple antigens, and improved vaccines are under development for cholera, influenza, and meningococcal disease. Major advances in molecular biology have enabled scientists to devise new approaches to the development of vaccines against diseases ranging from respiratory viral to enteric bacterial infections that continue to plague the world's population.

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