Serological Diagnosis of Babesia bigemina Infection in Cattle by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test

Ross, Joel; Löhr, K. F.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34511-9

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…All of the sera were tested using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) [28] for IgG as described by Christensson [31,32], and Christensson and Moren [33] with the following modifications: Antigen was prepared in 2002 from blood of a calf infected with Babesia divergen s with approx. 10% infected erythrocytes as described by Christensson [32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study was to use a well-established indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect the presence of B. divergens antibodies in blood sera [28], and to evaluate this method as a means of mapping the distribution of the pathogen by comparing our results with information obtained either through reporting through the NDHRS or by interviewing the farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Babesia divergens in southern Norway by using an immunofluorescence antibody test in cow sera

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThe incidence of bovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia divergens (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida) has decreased markedly since the 1930 s, but may re-emerge as a consequence of climate change and changes in legislation and pasturing practices. This is a potentially serious disease, with both economical and animal welfare consequences. Therefore, there is a need to survey the distribution of B. divergens.MethodsWe tested sera from 306 healthy pastured cows from 24 farms along the southern Norwegian coast by using an indirect immunofluorescence IgG antibody test (IFAT). Fractions of seropositive cows were compared by calculating 95% CI.ResultsThe results of this test showed that 27% of the sera were positive for B. divergens antibodies. The fraction of antibody-positive sera that we detected showed a two-humped distribution, with a high fraction of positives being found in municipalities in the western and eastern parts of the study area, while the municipalities between these areas had few or no positive serum samples.ConclusionsNeither the farmers' observations nor the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System give an adequate picture of the distribution of bovine babesiosis. Serological testing of cows by using IFAT is a convenient way of screening for the presence of B. divergens in an area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Babesia divergens in southern Norway by using an immunofluorescence antibody test in cow sera

et al. 2010

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“…In general, after initiation of an infection with Babesia species, IFAT titers rise to levels of 1:320 to 1:5,120 (Bidwell et al 1978;Reif 1980), and antibodies can be detected by IFAT over a period of more than 2 years (Ross and LoÈ hr 1968). In contrast Weiland et al (1980) found only maximal levels of 1:320 to 1:640 after experimental infection in calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The antibody titers of these animals were 1:16 and higher. According to Ross and LoÈ hr (1968), IFAT titers can be detected for as long as 2 years after vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved disease resistance after Babesia divergens vaccination

Edelhofer

Kanout²,

Schuh

et al. 1998

Parasitology Research

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The efficacy of a new inactivated vaccine against Babesia divergens was evaluated by means of inoculation tests. The infection was initiated by i.v. injection of blood containing 2 x 10(9) living parasites into splenectomized and non-splenectomized calves. Clinical status and hematological parameters were determined. Serology examinations for antibodies against B. divergens were carried out by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Non-vaccinated and splenectomized animals exhibited experimental infections. In vaccinated and splenectomized animals, clinical symptoms and prolonged incubation periods were observed.

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“…Antibodies against B. divergens can be detected by IFAT for as long as 2 years after infection (Ross and Lo¨hr 1968;Edelhofer et al 1998a). IFAT represents a useful laboratory test, as the technique is simple, economical and rapid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B. divergens and B. major by Western blotting?first report of B. bovis in Austrian cattle

Edelhofer

Müller

Schuh

et al. 2004

Parasitology Research

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To establish an assay for the serological differentiation of bovine Babesia species ( B. bigemina, B. bovis, B. divergens and B. major), antigens from experimentally infected cattle were Western blotted and probed with homologous and heterologous sera. Varying antigen patterns for each species allowed the determination of species-specific diagnostic antigens. Blood samples from 36 naturally infected cattle from the province of Styria were tested by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) against B. divergens, as well as by Western blotting against B. bigemina, B. bovis, B. divergens and B. major, 3 weeks after clinical babesiosis was diagnosed by blood smears. All 36 cattle were B. divergens-positive when tested by IFAT. In four cases (11%), an infection with both B. bovis and B. divergens and in two cases a single infection with B. bovis were diagnosed when tested by Western blot. B. bigemina and B. major infections were not detected. These are the first serologically confirmed cases of B. bovis in Austrian cattle.

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Serological Diagnosis of Babesia bigemina Infection in Cattle by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test

Cited by 51 publications

References 3 publications

Detection of Babesia divergens in southern Norway by using an immunofluorescence antibody test in cow sera

Detection of Babesia divergens in southern Norway by using an immunofluorescence antibody test in cow sera

Improved disease resistance after Babesia divergens vaccination

Differentiation of Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B. divergens and B. major by Western blotting?first report of B. bovis in Austrian cattle

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