Improved disease resistance after Babesia divergens vaccination

Edelhofer, Renate; Kanout, A.; Schuh, Maximilian; Kutzer, E.

doi:10.1007/s004360050380

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These trials have used a wide variety of materials, from dead parasites to single proteins (46,92,172,173,184,187). None of these materials proved as immunogenic as live parasites, and toxic adjuvants were often required to achieve acceptable levels of immunity.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of the spleen in the specific immune response is illustrated by the fact that removal of the spleen following recovery may result in clinical relapse (82,103). Moreover, release of antibodies may be delayed in splenectomized animals, although eventually the same levels are reached as in intact animals (46,179).…”

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Splenectomized calves and immature gerbils become fully susceptible to disease (37,46,108). Likewise, several primate, deer, and rodent species with innate resistance to B. divergens may suffer severe infections if they have been splenectomized (54,56,58,134,138).…”

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

et al. 2003

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Babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus, and is the main agent of bovine babesiosis in Europe. It is not only a cause of significant loss to the cattle industry; it can also infect immunocompromised humans, causing medical emergencies characterized by rapid fulmination and parasitemias that may exceed 70%. The current emphasis in Europe on sustainable agriculture and extensification is likely to lead to an increase in vector tick populations with increased risk of infection. Despite the veterinary and zoonotic importance of this parasite, relatively little research has been carried out on B. divergens, and many questions regarding the parasite's epidemiology and the host's response remain unanswered. A better understanding of the species' biology and host-parasite interactions may lead to improved control mechanisms and new trends in vaccine and antibabesial drug development. This review provides the first comprehensive summary of B. divergens biology, including its morphology, life cycle, and host specificity, and the current state of knowledge of both human and bovine infections

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Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

et al. 2003

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“…After centrifugation (1500 x g for 15 min) of the blood samples, plasma was examined for specific antibodies against B. divergens by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) using slides coated with B. divergens-infected gerbil erythrocytes (fixed for 10 min in ice-cold acetone and air-dried) and a goat anti-bovine fluoresceinconjugate (Southern Biotech, Reinach BL, Switzerland) diluted 1:200 in PBS (Edelhofer et al, 1998). Serum of a cow originating from a B. divergens-free area was used as a negative control.…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Schmid

Deplazes

Hoby

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation Schmid, N Schmid, N. Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation. 2008 Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin -an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation AbstractIn 2005 and 2006, three adult female chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) were found dead with signs of acute babesial infection in the eastern Swiss Alps. PCR on DNA extracted from blood or spleen of the carcasses revealed sequence identity of the amplified part of the 18S rRNA gene with GenBank entries attributed to Babesia divergens of cattle origin or B. capreoli of wild ruminant origin which have never been described before in this region. Examination of 424 blood samples from 314 head of cattle from this area by IFAT, microscopy and PCR provided no evidence for babesial infection. Six of 887 ticks collected from cattle were PCR-positive, and sequencing revealed Babesia sp. genotype EU1 in five and B. divergens/B. capreoli in one of them. A Babesia isolate of chamois, two isolates of roe deer from the same region and one isolate of a roe deer from the north-western Swiss Alps were genetically compared with two Swiss B. divergens isolates of cattle origin by analysing the genomic rDNA locus. Whereas the near full length sequences of the 18S rRNA gene were virtually identical among all six isolates (>99.4% identity), distinct differences between the two isolates from cattle on the one hand and the four isolates from free-ranging ruminants on the other hand were observed in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and part of the 28S rRNA gene. These results indicate that, albeit genetically very closely related, these babesial organisms from cattle and from free-ranging ruminants indeed are distinguishable organisms with different host specificities, and they support the use of the discrete species name B. capreoli for the B. divergens-like organisms from chamois and roe deer. were virtually identical among all six isolates (>99.4% identity), distinct differences between the two isolates from cattle on the one hand and the four isolates from freeranging ruminants on the other hand were observed in the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) and part of the 28S rRNA gene. These results indicate that, albeit genetically very closely related, these babesial organisms from cattle and from free-ranging ruminants indeed are distinguishable organisms with different host specificities, and they support the use of the discrete species name B. capreoli for the B. ...

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“…For Babesia cultures, supply of fresh bovine erythrocytes and serum from specific donors is required, and maintenance of these donors requires highly stringent conditions. Using crude and soluble Babesia antigens would overcome the difficulties inherent in production of live anti-Babesia vaccines [5,6], but immunity against heterologous challenge imparted by these vaccines have not been well documented, with the possible exception of Babesia divergens [7]. Success has been reported for soluble parasite antigens from Babesia canis and Babesia rossi in vitro cultured parasites, which are used for vaccination of dogs [8].…”

Section: Pros and Cons Of Different Types Of Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity

Shkap¹,

Vos²,

Zweygarth³

et al. 2007

Trends in Parasitology

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Improved disease resistance after Babesia divergens vaccination

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

Babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (Capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from B. divergens of cattle origin – An epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation

Attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity

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