Serologic Study of the Working Mechanisms of Immunotherapy for Children With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

Each modulation in levels of specific IgE, specific IgG4, soluble interleukin 2 receptor, interleukin 4, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 contributed to the clinical effect of immunotherapy in particular phases of treatment for children with perennial allergic rhinitis.

Allergen immunotherapy: A practice parameter second update

“…[104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] Immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis 107 (including ocular symptoms 112,113 ), allergic asthma, 104,109,111,114,115 and stinging insect hypersensitivity 108,116 and is effective in both adults and children. [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] Its efficacy is confirmed for the treatment of inhalant allergy caused by pollens, 13,125-132 fungi, 133-138 animal allergens, 22,25,26,[139][140][141][142][143] dust mite, 114,115,[144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153] and cockroach. 154 There have been no controlled trials of fire ant whole-body extract, but it does appear to be effective in un...…”

“…In recent studies children receiving allergen immunotherapy have demonstrated: 1. improvement in symptom control for asthma 117,119,121,122 and allergic rhinitis 118 ; 2. increased PC 20 to histamine 121 ; 3. increased PC 20 to cat and house dust mite allergens 121,149 ; 4. decreased risk of development of asthma 6,9,163-165 ; 5. decreased development of new sensitivities120,166 ; and 6. modification in release of mediators in children receiving immunotherapy that correlates with decreased clinical symptoms 123. …”

The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: An updated practice parameter

“…Allergen immunotherapy is effective in both adults and children. 471,479,[482][483][484][485] Its efficacy is confirmed for the treatment of inhalant allergy caused by pollen, 466,[486][487][488][489][490][491][492] fungi, [493][494][495][496][497] animal allergens, [498][499][500][501][502][503][504][505] dust mite, [506][507][508][509][510][511][512][513][514][515][516][517] and cockroach. 518 Allergen immunotherapy should be considered for patients who have symptoms of allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis after natural exposure to allergens and who demonstrate specific IgE antibodies to relevant allergens.…”

Allergen immunotherapy: A practice parameter third update

“…[74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] Immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis 77 (including ocular symptoms 82 ), allergic asthma, 74,79,81,83,84 and stinging insect hypersensitivity 78,85 and is effective in both adults and children. [86][87][88][89][90][91][92] Its efficacy is confirmed for the treatment of inhalant allergy caused by pollens, 93-101 fungi, 102-107 animal allergens, 18,21,22,47,[108][109][110][111] dust mites, 17,83,84,[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120] and cockroaches. 121 There have been no controlled trials of fire ant whole-body extract, but it does appear to be effective in uncontrolled trials.…”

“…189 In general, the clinical indications for immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and asthma are similar for adults and children (Table III). Studies of children receiving allergen immunotherapy have demonstrated significant: d improvement in symptom control for asthma 86,88,90,91 and allergic rhinitis 87 ; d increase in PC 20 to histamine 90 ; d increase in PC 20 to cat and house dust mite allergens 17,90 ; d decrease in the risk of asthma 8,9,[132][133][134]190 ; d decrease in the development of new sensitivities 135,136,138 ; d modification in the release of mediators in children receiving immunotherapy that correlates with decreased clinical symptoms 92 ; and d reduction in pharmacy, outpatient, and total health care costs. 139,140 Summary Statement 18: Immunotherapy can be initiated in young children.…”